过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：

　　一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点

　　过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。

　　He used to belong to the exploited class. 过去他属于被剥削阶级。

　　The polluted river gives off a terrible smell. 这条被污染的河发出臭味。

　　典型考例：

　　1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.

　　A. being known

　　B. having been known

　　C. to be known

　　D. known

　　析： D。此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known作定语。

　　2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

　　析： D。第一批课本是被写的，所以应填过去分词written作定语，表示完成的、被动的动作。

　　值得注意的是，有些过去分词(词组)因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in等。例如：

　　Do you know the man seated on that stone? 你认识坐在那块石头上的那个人吗？

　　Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt ? 你不认识穿红裙子的那个女孩吗？

　　典型考例：

　　1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.

　　A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

　　析： C。remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩。

　　一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不具备被动色彩。例如：

　　He felt puzzled at what she said. 听到她的话他感到很迷惑。

　　The excited people finally cooled down.激动的人们终于冷静了下来。

　　典型考例：

　　2. -I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

　　- Mm. It does have a ________ smell.

　　A. pleasant; pleased

　　B. pleased; pleased

　　C. pleasant; pleasant

　　D. pleased; pleasant

　　析： D。第一空应填pleased，表满意的情绪；第二空应填pleasant，表令人愉快的。

　　二、掌握过去分词作表语和定语的创新形式

　　1. get done也可构成被动语态，相当于be done。例如：

　　His right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤。

　　She got murdered last year.去年她被谋杀了。

　　典型考例：

　　1.-How are the team playing?

　　-They're playing well, but one of them ________ hurt.

　　A. got B. gets C. are D. were

　　析： A。语境逻辑提示该空表过去被弄伤。

　　2. As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.

　　A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

　　析： A。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，该空表示"被分离"，词组get separated...from表示"与……分开"。

　　3. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ________ run over by a car.

　　A. have B. get C. become D. turn

　　析： B。语境逻辑制约该空表示被小汽车碾过去，应填get。

　　2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。

　　过去分词可作非限制性定语，因其不属于被修饰名词不可缺少的定语，前面常有逗号与被修饰名词隔开。

　　典型考例：

　　1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.

　　A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring

　　析： A。第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。

　　2. The Olympic Games,________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.

　　A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

　　析： C。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表"公元前776年第一次被举行"，应填过去分词first played作非限制性定语。

　　三、 弄清过去分词作表语和定语的位置

　　单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词前边，过去分词短语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后边。过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之间有副词隔开。例如：

　　This is the wounded soldier. 这就是那个受伤的战士。

　　This is the soldier wounded in the battle.这就是在战场上受伤的战士。

　　English is widely used all over the world.英语在全世界得到广泛使用。

　　This package was properly marked with the name and date.这个包裹被适当地标明了名字和日期。

　　典型考例：

　　1. Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.

　　A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited

　　析： A。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表"被邀请"，所以应用过去分词短语invited to the party作后置定语。

　　2. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

　　A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying

　　析： B。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表"通过电脑购买"，goods与buy之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词短语bought through a computer作后置定语。

　　过去分词作表语和定语练与析：

　　1. I don't know the girl ________ in the snow storm.

　　A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching

　　2. The girl ________ down by a car was dying.

　　A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock

　　3. The foreign guests, ________ by some artists, came out of the hall.

　　A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed

　　4. This is the problem ________ so quickly last evening.

　　A. having been settled B. settle C. be settled D. settled

　　5. There was an ________ look on his face when the actress appeared.

　　A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement

　　6. The children ________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.

　　A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining

　　7. He was disappointed at his suggestions ________ by them yesterday.

　　A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down

　　8. This is the package ________ last night.

　　A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed

　　9. Island is a small piece of land ________ by water.

　　A. surrounded B. surrounding C. to be surrounded D. being surrounded

　　10. The managers will again discuss the plan ________ last week.

　　A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out

　　11. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud.

　　A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught

　　12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .

　　A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed

　　13. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion.

　　A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed

　　14. The thief seems ________ in that cave. Let's go and see.

　　A. hidden B. hide C. hiding D. to hide

　　答案与解析：

　　1. B。小女孩被困在暴风雪中，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。

　　2. C。小女孩是被小汽车撞倒的，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。

　　3. C。外宾被艺术家跟随着，应使用过去分词作后置定语，该句可改成：Some artists , following the foreign guests，came out of the hall.

　　4. D。"问题"是"被解决的"，句末的时间状语决定了此处应用过去分词作后置定语。

　　5. A。激动的表情应为excited look，一些短语中过去分词和现在分词的使用是约定俗成的，应加以记忆,如： worried look (忧虑的表情)， a puzzled girl(迷惑的女孩)， trembling voice / lips(颤抖的嗓音/嘴唇) , shaking hands(颤抖的双手), generally speaking(一般说来), judging from / by(根据……判断)等等。

　　6. B。"孩子们"与"检查"之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语，

　　7. B。"建议"是"被拒绝"的，应用过去分词作 后置定语。

　　8. D。"包裹"是"被称"的，应用过去分词作后置定语。

　　9. A。"岛"是"被水包围"的，所以应使用过去分词作后置定语。

　　10. A。"计划"是"被完成"的，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。

　　11. C。get caught，被动语态，"被阻塞"。

　　12. C。get killed，被动语态，"被杀"。

　　13. B。be absorbed in意为"全神贯注于……之中"。

　　14. A。hidden表"藏着；躲着"，没有被动之意。

　　(文/沈爱华； 英语通高二版 04~05学年度第8期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)