请看下面一道高考试题：

　　Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ________ .

　　A. he'd like to collect coins as well

　　B. he feels like collecting coins, too

　　C. to collect coins is also his hobby

　　D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure

　　[答案与简析] 正确答案为D。此题考查平行结构，and连接两个以动名词作主语的平行分句，前一分句是"主语+系动词+表语"，后一分句是"主语+谓语+宾语"，构成平行结构。

　　下面简要地向同学们介绍一下英语平行结构方面的知识。

　　一、什么是平行结构？

　　平行结构指的是相同的语法结构，它要求有同等重要的思想、概念，并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达，要用并列连词连接。平行结构是一种修辞手法，它可以使句子前后保持平衡和协调，从而增加语言的连贯性。

　　二、使用平行结构应该注意什么？

　　平行结构常常使用并列连词，如and, but, or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, not...but等，我们在使用这些并列连词时要注意它们所连接的应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词对动词，句子和句子等，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则：

　　Do some nice things for your parents that they don't expect-like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors.

　　"做饭"、"刷碗"、"洗衣服"、"拖地"在本句中应为并列结构，故应用相同的语法形式，都用动名词，所以应将clean改为cleaning。

　　Mr. Johnson was young, energetic, and having interest in many activities.

　　这个句子中的三个表语具有相同的语法功能，都是说明主语的，应该放在相同的结构中，都用形容词。因此，应该把having interest in many activities改为interested in many activities。

　　三、平行结构有哪些主要类型？

　　平行结构有下面几种常见形式：

　　1. 名词平行结构

　　The patient's symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache.病人的症状是发烧、头晕和头痛。

　　2. 形容词、副词平行结构

　　Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。

　　The work is handsomely and skillfully done.这项工作做得漂亮，有水平。

　　3. 分词平行结构

　　The boys were running, shouting and laughing.男孩子们一边跑，一边喊叫着、笑着。

　　The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted.老人回到了家里筋疲力竭，非常失望。

　　4. 动名词平行结构

　　Henry's work is reading books and writing book reviews.亨利的工作是读读书，写写书评。

　　Alice said she'd prefer swimming to playing tennis in such hot weather.爱丽斯说在这样的热天她宁愿游泳而不去打网球。

　　5. 动词不定式平行结构

　　Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.(Francis Bacon) 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞食下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。

　　On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees.另一方面，40%的同学认为应收门票，他们认为门票费可以作为支付园林工人及其他工作人员的工资和购买新花木的费用。

　　6. 介词短语平行结构

　　We went to the museum by bike instead of by bus.我们骑自行车而不是坐汽车去博物馆。

　　Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读书使人愉悦，使人高雅，使人聪慧。

　　7. 谓语动词平行结构

　　May you keep fit, study well and work hard. 祝你身体好，学习好，工作好。

　　8. 整句结构平行

　　Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman? Should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned? Nobody will know except you.在大街上捡到的钱包是装进自己的口袋里还是应该交给警察？商店多找给我们的零钱是被忘掉还是应该被归还？这些除了你自己之外谁也不会知道。

　　四、高考试题精练

　　下面精选了一些试题，看看你能否全做对？

　　1. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin.

　　A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

　　2. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour.

　　A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

　　3. Friendship is like money：easier made than ________ .

　　A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept

　　4. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, ________ .

　　A. the more for life are you equipped

　　B. the more equipped for life you are

　　C. the more life you are equipped for

　　D. you are equipped the more for life

　　5. We're going to the bookstore in John's car. You can come with us ________ you can meet us there later.

　　A. but B. and C. or D. then

　　Key:

　　1-5 AAABC

　　(文/李世华； 英语通高二版 04~05学年度第8期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)