非谓语动词之一的动词不定式结构一直是高考英语试题中的重要考点之一。其用法之多，出题形式之巧，令不少考生感到难以应付。下面，本文对不定式考点进行归纳分析，希望能对大家全面掌握该部分内容有所帮助。

　　一、考查不定式在句子中所充当的常见成分

　　1. 充当状语的情形。例如：

　　________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

　　A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept

　　简析：选择A。从整个句子结构上看，逗号后边没有连词或关系词，可知此题考查非谓语动词形式。再结合句子的语意，可知Bob 关了闹钟的目的是为了多睡一会儿，不定式结构在此作目的状语。

　　2. 充当定语的情形。例如：

　　I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?

　　A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought

　　简析：选择B。此处考查不定式作定语。

　　3. 充当表语的情形。 例如：

　　Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.

　　A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen

　　简析：选择B。but后边分句是一个含有主语从句的复合句，形式主语it代表whether they will enjoy it，remains接一个不定式结构作表语，由于see 与主语从句间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动式to be seen。

　　4. 充当宾语的情形。例如：

　　I've worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.

　　A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

　　简析：选择B。此题考查"疑问词+不定式"结构在句子中作宾语的情形。句子主语"I"与不定式短语之间是主动关系，因此要选to expect。

　　5.充当主语补足语或宾语补足语的情形。例如：

　　An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.

　　A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued

　　简析：选择A。order之后接带to的不定式充当主语补足语，即： sb. is ordered to do sth.

　　She watched the children ________ in the garden.

　　A. to be played B. to play C. play D.to have played

　　简析：选择C。在表示感觉、视听等生理活动的动词后，用作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。

　　二、考查不定式的时态

　　Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.

　　A. to have studied B. to study

　　C. to be studying

　　D. to have been studying

　　简析：选择A。四个选项为动词不定式的四种形式，A表完成式，B为一般式，C为进行式，D项是完成进行式。根据题干，应选A项。

　　三、考查不定式的语态

　　Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears ________ everything.

　　A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told

　　简析：选择D。结合句子语意可知，妈妈似乎已经(于说话前)知道了一切，要用不定式的完成式；另外，She与tell 之间是一种被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动式to have been told。

　　四、考查不定式的否定结构

　　The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.

　　A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

　　简析：选择D。与其它非谓语动词一样，不定式的否定形式即在to do的前边加上否定词not。

　　五、考查不定式的省略形式

　　The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________ .

　　A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

　　简析：选择A。在运用不定式结构时，有时为了避免重复，在不引起歧义的前提下，把与前边相同的部分省略，只保留不定式符号"to"。又如：

　　- Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?

　　- I'd love to, but I have something important to do then.

　　六、考查是否保留不定式符号"to"

　　Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.

　　A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit

　　简析：选择A。but是介词，后面接不定式。当谓语动词是do, does或did时，后面接不带to的不定式，如上题；当谓语是其它动词时，后面接带to的不定式。如：The bear has no choice but to go back to sleep again.另外，有些动词(如make, find, see等)接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但转换成被动语态时，则要接带to的不定式充当主语补足语。如：The boss made the workers work hard. → The workers were made to work hard.

　　七、考查特殊语言结构中的不定式形式

　　I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.

　　A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

　　简析：选择A。题干的宾语部分是一个强调句型，强调其主语your husband。固定短语"be to blame" 意为"该受指责"，主动形式表被动意义，不能用to be blamed形式。类似的情形如：This flat is to let. (这套房子待租。) 又如：

　　With a lot of difficult problems ________ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

　　A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

　　简析：选择C。根据句子所提供的语境the newly-elected president is having a hard time，说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题，要用to settle作定语。

　　跟踪练习：

　　1. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ________ their products more competitive.

　　A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made

　　2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock by the side of the path.

　　A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

　　3. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need ________ .

　　A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving

　　Key:

　　1-3 ACA

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