初中教师教学参考:状语从句误用现象例说 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/11 14:39 英语辅导报 |
一、 从句谓语动词形式错误 【案例一】 They came here in order that they explained the matter to us. 【分析】 在in order that引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用"can(could), may(might) / will(would) / should+动词原形"的形式。故上述从句在谓语动词前应加could或might。但so that引导结果状语从句时,不受此要求限制。如:They came late so that they missed the early bus. 【案例二】 I won't believe it until I will have seen it with my own eyes. 【分析】在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示一般将来时;用一般过去时表示过去将来时;用现在完成时表示将来完成时,故上句 until从句中的will应取掉。但will在表示意愿时,可用于状语从句。如: If you will wait I'll go and ask the manager. 【案例三】 The girl talks as if she has been to the moon. 【分析】 在as if (though)引导的方式状语从句中,若陈述情况与事实不符,或与事实相反,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。因此句中的has been应改为had been。如: He speaks to me as if I were a deaf. 注意:若从句所述情况很可能实现,则用陈述语气。如: It is blowing hard as if it is going to rain. 【案例四】 The man smokes as much as his father 10 years ago. 【分析】 在比较状语从句中,比较状语从句中的谓语动词形式与主句不一致时,不能省略。因此句中的his father后应加上did。如: I know you better than he does. 【案例五】 No sooner was he here than I told him about it. 【分析】 no sooner...than..., hardly (scarcely)...when...等在意义上和as soon as,the moment...,the minute...,immediately...一样,引导时间状语从句时,表示"一……,就……"之意,但前者主句须用过去完成时,且主谓倒装,从句用一般过去时。因此上句应改为: No sooner had he been here than I told him about it. 【案例六】 She caught a cold until her husband came back. 【分析】 until / till引导时间状语从句时,在肯定句中谓语动词应用延续性动词。因此句中的caught应改为had。 二、 从句引导词使用错误 【案例一】 When time went on his theory proved to be right. 【分析】当时间状语从句要表示"随着……"之意时,从句引导词要用as。因此句中的When应改为As。另外,在表示"一边……,一边……"时也须用as引导时间状语从句。如: He cried as he wrote. 【案例二】 Child although he is he knows a lot. 【分析】 as引导让步状语从句时,状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分应置于as之前。如: Try as we did we failed again. Late as he came he saw the famous man. 注意: although则无此种用法。因此句中的although应改为as。 【案例三】 Because you haven't repaired it we'll delay our action. 【分析】 because,since,as引导原因状语从句时,because语气最强,常针对why问题,通常表示说话人认为这种原因或理由是听话人所不知道的。当原因或理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或双方知道,或众所周知时,一般用since或as。因此上句中的Because应改为Since或As。 【案例四】 There is such little work that such little boys can finish it soon. 【分析】 在such…that句式中,当名词被many,much,few,little修饰时,such应改为so,注意little表示个体之小时,不用so。因此上句中的第一个such应改为so。 (文/轩印祥;英语辅导报初中教师版04~05学年第04期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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