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Unit 18 Mainly revision

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/13 10:22 新浪教育

　　短文填空解题指导

　　短文缺词填空是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章意思的基础上通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词的一种考查形式。它是考查学生综合运用英语思维能力的一种有效方法。要解答好这类完形填空题，做到事半功倍，需要掌握一定的方法与技巧。

　　1.从全局把握文章大意。

　　要填的单词肯定需要在一定的语言环境中才能确定，只有把握全局才能有主导方向，才能有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，从而缩小词意的选择范围。

　　2.从语法上加以把握。

　　一般的空缺词都可以通过其所在的句型结构和句法成分来判断其词性，这样可以缩小词的选择范围。

　　3.从行文上确定词的形式。

　　确定一个单词的词性后，可通过其上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词、名词的单复数、代词的各种所有格及单复数、形容词的比较级与最高级等。

　　4.要注意文中提供的细节与暗示。

　　5.要通过文章内容和所掌握的知识，运用推理、分析、判断来进行辨析。

　　Passage 1

　　一、阅读理解

　　Rebecca Stevens was the first British woman to climb Mount Qomolangma.Before she went up the highest mountain in the world, she was a journalist and lived in a small flat (公寓) in South London.

　　In 1993, Rebecca left her job and her family and travelled to Asia with some other climbers.① She found that life on Qomolangma is hard.“You must carry everything on your back,” she said,“so you can only take things that you will need.You cant wash on the mountain, and in the end I didnt even take a toothbrush.I am usually a clean person but there is no water, only snow.② Water is very heavy so you only take enough to drink!”③

　　When Rebecca reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on May 17,1993, it was the best moment of her life.Suddenly she became famous.

　　Now she has written a book about the trip and people often ask her to talk about it.She has a new job too, on a science programme on television.

　　Rebecca is well known today and she has more money, but she still lives in the little flat in South London among her pictures and books about mountains!

　　①In 1993, Rebecca left her job and her family and travelled to Asia with some other climbers.Rebecca于1993年辞了工作离开家人，和一些其他的登山运动员一起去亚洲旅行。

　　②I am usually a clean person but there is no water, only snow.我通常是一个讲究卫生的人，但是那儿没有水只有雪。

　　③Water is very heavy so you only take enough to drink!水很重，因此你只带够喝的就可以了。

　　根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

　　1.Before Rebecca climbed Qomolangma, she worked as a ____ .

　　A.climber

　　B.scientist

　　C.journalist

　　D.guide

　　2.Rebecca went to Asia to ____ in 1993.

　　A.spend a holiday with her family

　　B.climb the highest mountain

　　C.look for a new job

　　D.take some pictures

　　3.Rebecca found life on Qomalangma is hard because ____ .

　　A.she is usually a very clean person

　　B.she has nothing but a toothbrush

　　C.water there is very heavy and expensive

　　D.everything that is needed has to be carried on the back

　　4.After her trip to Asia, Rebecca ____ .

　　A.did the same job

　　B.lived in the same flat

　　C.got the same money

　　D.climbed the mountain again

　　5.Rebecca became famous for ____ .

　　A.her science programme

　　B.her pictures and books

　　C.having much money

　　D.reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma

　　Passage 2

　　二、阅读理解

　　One day Mrs Smith visited her family doctor.He was an old man with a beard.“What's the problem?”the doctor asked her.“I am very worried about my son, Teddy.”Mrs Smith said.“I can't stop him from betting.He spends all his money betting on horse races.① And even worse he'll bet on anything.It doesn't matter what it is.”The doctor said, “I've saved many people from gambling before.Send him to me.”

　　The next day Mrs Smith sent her son to see the doctor.While they were talking, the boy was looking at the doctor's beard.Suddenly he said,“I bet you ＄50 that's not a real beard.” “Oh, no.”the doctor said.“Can I pull your beard and find out?”the boy said.The doctor thought this was a good way to teach him a lesson, ② so he said, “OK.If my beard is real, you will have to pay me ＄50.”The boy pulled it and soon found out it was real.The doctor laughed.

　　Two days later the doctor telephoned Mrs Smith, “I think Ive saved your son.”He told her the story.But Mrs Smith said, “Youre wrong.Youve made him worse.” “How can that be?” “Before he went to see you, he bet me ＄100 that you would ask him to pull your beard!”

　　①He spends all his money betting on horse races.他将所有的钱都花在了赛马赌场上。

　　②The doctor thought this was a good way to teach him a lesson…医生认为这是给他一个教训的好方法……

　　根据短文内容，判断下列各句正(T)误(F)。

　　1.Teddy was badly ill and had to see the doctor.

　　2.The doctor himself liked gambling, too.

　　3.The doctor was sure that he could stopped Teddy from betting.

　　4.In fact Teddy really wondered if the doctors beard was real.

　　5.The doctor liked Teddy to pull his beard out.

　　6.Teddy got as much money as the doctor.

　　7.The doctor bet Teddy ＄50, because he wanted to win the money.

　　8.At last the doctor cured Teddy well.

　　Passage 3

　　三、阅读理解

　　“Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a kind of discovery.”said a reporter of CCTV.He was sent to join the climbing team for broadcasting (播放) this TV program.The climbers climbed Mount Qomolangma from May 18 to 24.CCTV also sent a team to join in this most dangerous and exciting sport.They called it “Standing at the Worlds Third Pole (极) in 2003”.

　　It is just 50 years since the first climbers got to the top of Mount Qomolangma.In 2003, nearly 600 people from all over the world will try to reach the highest mountain in the world.

　　As we know, Mount Qomolangma is famous for its height—8,848 metres in the world, so it has attracted thousands of people to climb.① On May 25th, 1953, Edmund Hillary from New Zealand, and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal finally reached the top of Mount Qomolangma.This most dangerous sport in the world brings the greatest challenge and the most exciting and happiest moment to human beings because the climbers have to face the terrible cold and avalanches (雪崩), and some other difficulties.The higher they climb, the more difficulties they will meet.On the way to the top they may lose their lives at any time.It is reported that 175 climbers had to live there forever.During the past 50 years, more than 10,000 men and women tried to get to the top, but only 1,200 have made their dreams come true.We Chinese climbers first showed our national flag to the world on the top of the mountain in 1960.②

　　Once someone asked why the pioneers never stopped trying to reach the top.“I dont think climbing the highest mountain only means danger or death.It is really a chance to challenge.You can really understand their love of nature and the true meaning of life.”③ a reporter of CCTV answered.

　　①As we know, Mount Qomolangma is famous for its height—8,848 metres in the world, so it has attracted thousands of people to climb.众所周知，珠穆朗玛峰以它的高度8，848米而闻名于世，因此它吸引着成千上万的人去攀登。

　　②We Chinese climbers first showed our national flag to the world on the top of the mountain in 1960.我们中国登山运动员于1960年首次在珠穆朗玛峰顶上向世人展示了我们的国旗。

　　③You can really understand the love of nature and the true meaning of life.你能真正理解他们对大自然的热爱和生命的真谛。

　　根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

　　1.How many people succeeded in climbing up to the top of the mountain?

　　A.1,200.

　　B.10,000.

　　C.175.

　　D.600.

　　2.What may the climbers meet when they climb Mount Qomolangma?

　　A.Avalanches, rain, strong wind and the terrible cold.

　　B.Mist, strong wind, water and falling ice.

　　C.The terrible cold, avalanches, mist, strong wind and falling ice.

　　D.Rain, avalanches, mist, strong wind and falling ice.

　　3.When did the Chinese climbing team first stand on the top of Mount Qomolangma?

　　A.In 1953.

　　B.In 1960.

　　C.In 2003.

　　D.In 1950.

　　4.What does the sentence “It is reported that 175 climbers had to live there for ever.”mean? It means ____ .

　　A.175 climbers had decided to live there

　　B.175 climbers didnt want to go back for ever

　　C.175 climbers climbed Mount Qomolangma

　　D.175 climbers lost their lives

　　5.What can we learn from the climbers?

　　A.Their love of nature.

　　B.Their spirit of meeting the challenge bravely.

　　C.Their spirit of never giving up.

　　D.A, B and C.

　　Passage 4

　　四、完形填空

　　根据短文内容，填入文中所缺的已给出首字母的单词。

　　London Times, July 7, 1992

　　Sports hero hits new peak

　　BY PETER MASON

　　Mountainee JeanMarc Boivin came back to London yesterday.He was w1by all the people in the city.B2the 28yearold Frenchman was very modest (谦虚).“Im no hero(英雄).It was no great,”he said in London's Guild Hall.“It was s3I wanted to do—so I did it.”

　　JeanMarc climbed the world's h4mountain K2 in the Himalayas, with English Climbing Team a month ago.He was the only one w5climbed up.He was the first Frenchman to reach the peak (顶峰).When he g6to the peak, his t7fell.He was so glad.167

　　Yesterday his wife went to London to m8him.These years she's always helped him to do his job.JeanMarc said, “B9my wife gave me so much help, I won.I l10her very much.And now well have a months holiday in America.”

　　Passage 1

　　本文主要讲述了Rebecca Stevens 辞去工作离开家人去攀登珠穆朗玛峰，途中历经艰难险阻最终到达了峰顶，成为第一位登上珠峰的英国妇女。她成名之后有了一份新的好工作，有了许多钱，但仍然住在伦敦南部的那个小公寓里。她不畏困难的探险精神和艰苦朴素的优秀品质值得我们学习。

　　1.C。根据第一段第二句“Before she went up the highest mountain in the world, she was a journalist…”可知此题应选C。

　　2.B。根据第二段Rebecca辞了工作离开家人去了亚洲，文中她对登山时艰难情况的叙述，以及第三段第一句“When Rebecca reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on May 17,1993…”可知此题应选B。

　　3.D。Rebecca发现生活在珠穆朗玛峰上很困难的原因是原文中的“You must carry everything on your back.”故本题应选D。A项的叙述与原文意思相符但不是生活在珠峰上困难的原因；B、C两项与原文意思不符，陈述错误。

　　4.B。根据第四段“She has a new job too, on a science programme on television.” 可知A项错误；根据最后一段中的句子“…she has more money, but she still lives in the little flat in South London…”可知C项错误，B项正确；文中根本没涉及到Rebecca成功登上珠峰峰顶后是否再次攀登珠峰，故可知D项错误。

　　5.D。根据短文第三段可知Rebecca因登上珠峰峰顶而出名。

　　Passage 2

　　本文主要讲述了Mrs Smith的儿子Teddy好赌，他把所有的钱都用在了赛马的赌场上，甚至任何东西都赌。Mrs Smith请她的家庭医生给予帮助，这位医生自以为有办法能使Teddy 改掉好赌的恶习，Teddy却与这位医生打了一次有趣的赌，使Teddy的好赌比以前更加厉害了。

　　1.F。Mrs Smith 送儿子Teddy 去看医生，是因为Teddy有好赌的恶习。

　　2.F。这位医生并不好赌，他与Teddy打赌是因为他认为对于Teddy而言，那是一个教给他教训的好方法。

　　3.T。根据医生对Mrs Smith所说的话“Ive saved many people from gambling before.Send him to me.” 可知此题正确。

　　4.F。由两天后Mrs Smith 告诉医生的话 “Before he went to see you, he bet me ＄100 that you would ask him to pull your beard!” 可知Teddy想骗医生让他拽他的胡须，而从Mrs Smith那里赢得100美元。

　　5.F。见第2题的解析。

　　6.T。因为Teddy拽了医生的胡须，所以Mrs Smith由于打赌输了而给 Teddy 100美元，又由于Teddy拽了医生的胡须说明胡须是真的，故Teddy要输给医生50美元。由此可见Teddy和医生各得50美元。

　　7.F。见第2题解释。

　　早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

　　最难过的日子也有尽头。The longest day has an end.

　　8.F。根据最后一段可知：这位医生非但没治好Teddy 好赌的恶习，而且使Teddy赌得更厉害了。

　　Passage 3

　　本文记叙了一位中央电视台的记者随登山队一起攀登珠穆朗玛峰，以便于对登山队登珠峰情况能及时报道。文章主要回顾了50年来登山者对珠峰的攀登情况，表现了登山者不畏险阻，勇于迎接挑战，永不言弃的探险精神。

　　1.A。此处问句的意思为“有多少人成功地登上了(珠穆朗玛峰)峰顶？”根据短文第三段中的句子“During the past 50 yaers, more than 10,000 men and women tried to get to the top, but only 1，200 have made their dreams come true.”可知只有1200人实现了他们的梦想,即登上峰顶。

　　2.C。根据第三段中对珠峰恶劣条件的描述 “…because the climbers have to face the terrible cold and avalanches, and some other difficulties.”可知登山运动员会遇到可怕的寒冷和雪崩，再根据实际情况还可能遇到mist, strong wind, falling ice。

　　3.B。根据第三段最后一句“We Chinese climbors first showed our national flag to the world on the top of the mountain in 1960.” 可知：中国登山队于1960年首次登上珠峰峰顶。

　　4.D。这是一道句子理解题，根据这个句子的前句“On the way to the top they may lose their lives at any time.”可知黑体部分的句子应理解为“据报道175名登山运动员不得不永远留在那儿。”即175名登山运动员献出了生命。

　　5.D。综合分析短文内容可知：作者赞扬了登山运动员热爱大自然，勇于迎接挑战，永不言弃的精神。

　　Passage 4

　　这是一则关于JeanMarc攀登世界第二高峰——克什米尔歌德文·奥斯腾峰的新闻报道。这则新闻交代了人物(who)是JeanMarc Boivin，事情(what)climbed the worlds highest mountain, 他现在所在的地点(where)London,他登顶的时间(when)是June (a month ago),新闻报道是时间是July, 1992。

　　1.welcomed。JeanMarc登上K2高峰后回到伦敦受到市民的欢迎。

　　2.but。前后的句子有一种转折关系，需用连词but。

　　3.something。那是JeanMarc想做的事情，因此他去做了。

　　4.highest。K2是喜马拉雅山最高的山峰。

　　5.who。此处定语从句的先行语为“the only one”(唯一的人)，故定语从句需由关联词who引导。

　　6.got。get to意为“到达”。

　　7.tears。JeanMarc登上K2高峰峰顶实现了自己的梦想，他非常高兴，激动地流出了眼泪。

　　8.meet。JeanMarc的妻子去伦敦迎接她丈夫的胜利归来。

　　9.Because。正因为有妻子的支持与帮助，JeanMarc才成功地登上了K2高峰。

　　10.love。由于JeanMarc的妻子非常支持JeanMarc的工作，给予了他很大的帮助，所以他深爱着自己的妻子。

　　1.I can't stop him from betting.我不能阻止他打赌。(Line 3,Passage 2)

　　stop/keep/prevent…from doing sth.是一固定短语，表示“阻止……干某事”。例如：

　　The heavy rain stopped them from getting there on time.大雨阻止了他们准时到达那儿。

　　2.The higher they climb, the more difficulties they will meet.他们攀登的越高，他们遇到的困难就越多。(Line 14,Passage 3)

　　比较级前通常不加the，但以下两种情况比较级前需加the：

　　(1)“The+比较级，the+比较级。”表示“越……越……”，是一种表示递进关系的句型，其中的the不能省略。例如：

　　In the exam, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.在考试中，你越细心，出的错误就越少。

　　(2)若比较级的范围用了of the two…, 则比较级前必须加the。例如：

　　Of the two brothers, Tom is the taller.在这两兄弟中，汤姆高一些。

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