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高中英语辅导:高三册5-8单元课文长难句解析
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/14 14:23  英语辅导报

  1. Once managers would say jokingly, "I know that half of what I spend on advertising is wasted, but I don't know which half." (Lesson 18) 过去,经理们常会开玩笑地说,"我知道我花的广告费有一半是浪费了,但是我不知道究竟是哪一半。"

  [问] 怎样分析该句的句子结构?

  [答] that引导的从句(that half...wasted)是know的宾语,what引导的从句(what I...advertising) 作介词of的宾语。

  [问] 句中would表示过去将来时吗?

  [答]句中would不表示过去将来时,而是情态动词,表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。would say指过去经常这么说。例如:

  She would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. 有时她会坐在那儿几个小时,什么也不做。

  2. Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement, and a person who will buy space in newspapers or time on TV. (Lesson 18) 出席会议的还有广告的策划者和要在报纸上为广告买版面或要在电视台为广告买时段的人。

  [问] present是何词性, 有何意义?它是该句的主语吗?

  [答] present是形容词,意为"出席的,在场的"。它是该句的表语,主语是a person...and a person...。该句为表语提前的倒装句。倒装的目的是为了避免头重脚轻,以保持句子的平衡,同时也是为了和上文更好地衔接。又如:

  Also attending the conference were college professors, high school teachers and English editors from different parts of the country. 参加会议的还有全国各地的大学教授、中学教师和英文编辑们。

  表语提前的倒装句可分为四种情况:

  (1)表语+系动词+主语(为名词)+其他。例如:

  Such is Albert Einstein. 这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦。

  (2) 表语+主语(为代词)+系动词+其他。例如:

  Terribly cold it is today!今天的天气太冷了!

  (3) 表语+as+主语+系动词+其他(表语若为单数名词时常省略冠词)。例如:

  Proud as these nobles are, they're afraid to see me. 尽管这些贵族们非常的傲慢,但是他们害怕见我。

  Child as he is, he knows much knowledge of science. 尽管还是个孩子,他懂得很多科学知识。

  (4) so+表语+系动词+主语+其他。例如:

  So excited was my father that he couldn't speak. 我爸爸兴奋得不能说话了。

  3. Nobody bought the product, how-

  ever, because when translated it meant "X puts living things into dry hair." (Lesson 19) 然而谁也不来买这个产品,因为原句经过翻译之后,意思变成了"X使干发生虫" 。

  [问] 句中的when translated是一种省略现象吗?这种省略的规则是什么?

  [答]是的。句中的when translated = when it was translated,相当于一个时间状语从句。当从句的主语与主句的主语相同,而从句的谓语是be时,则主语和be均可省略,而成为"连词+过去分词"结构。例如:

  If given the same treatment again, he's sure to get well. 如果再次给予相同的治疗,他肯定会好起来的。

  When completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. 竣工之后,这座博物馆将于明年向公众开放。

  The research is so designed that once begun, nothing can be done to change it.这项研究设计得如此周密,一旦开始,就没有什么能改变它。

  4. It looks as if it isn't clean enough to bathe there. (Lesson 21) 看来这海水不够清洁,不能在这儿洗澡。

  [问]请分析一下这个句子的句式结构和用法好吗?

  [答] 句中It是主语,look是连系动词,作"看起来"解,as if引导的是表语从句。在It looks / looked as if +clause结构中, as if 引导的表语从句若表示与事实相反的假设情况,常用虚拟语气。该句式相当于It seems /seemed as if...或It seems / seemed that...,但不可说It looks / looked that...。若表达"在某人看来……"时,用It seems / seemed to sb. that... 例如:

  It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。

  When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当把铅笔的一部分插入一杯水中时,铅笔看起来就像折断了一样。(实际并未折断,所以用虚拟语气)

  It seems as if / that everything is ready for the travel. 看来旅行的一切准备都已经做好了。

  It seemed to her that life was rather difficult. 对她来讲生活似乎相当艰难。

  5. Other waste may be thrown into the sea, either 19 kilometers from land, or more than 40 kilometers from land, depending on the nature of the materials. (Lesson 22) 其它的废物可以倒入海中,或者离陆地19公里,或者离陆地40多公里,这取决于这些材料的性质。

  [问] depending on the nature of the materials在句中作什么成分?

  [答] 句中depending on the nature of the materials是V-ing短语作状语,对前面的句子作补充说明。又如:

  Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with three children. 她丈夫1942年去世了,留下她和三个孩子。

  He had a high fever when he was three, making him completely blind. 他三岁那年发过一次高烧,使得他完全失明了。

  [问] depend on有何意义和用法?

  [答] 短语动词depend on意为"靠……决定","取决于……"。例如:

  Good health depends on (upon) good food, exercise and getting enough sleep. 良好的健康状况依赖于良好的食物、运动和充足的睡眠。

  The price of goods often depends on their quality. 商品的价格通常要依靠它们的质量而定。

  6. Boards are laid down to protect the precious painted stones while the repair work is going on. (Lesson 26) 在进行修复工作的时候,为了保护这些绘有花纹的珍贵石头,在它们上面铺上了木板。

  [问] 该句中既有过去分词,又有不定式,它们分别用作什么成分?

  [答] 该句中的主句Boards are laid down to protect the precious painted stones是一般现在时的被动语态,其中的不定式短语to protect the precious painted stones是are laid down的状语,表示目的。lay down 作"放下"解,其被动结构是be laid down。precious painted stones中的painted(绘有图画的)是过去分词作定语,修饰stones。

  7. The French, after discovering the ruined temple, did a lot of repair work up until 1970, when the war forced the last of the French workforce to leave. (Lesson 27) 法国人在发现这座满目疮痍的寺庙后,做了大量的修复工作,一直到1970年为止,这时战争迫使最后一批法国劳务人员离开了柬埔寨。

  [问] 请分析一下这个句子的结构。

  [答] 该句是一个复合句,主句是The French did a lot of repair work up until 1970,后跟一个定语从句when the war forced the last of the French workforce to leave, after discovering the ruined temple 是一个介词短语,插入到主句中作时间状语。

  [问] up until 是什么意义?

  [答] up until 意为"一直到……为止",语气较单独使用until更重。例如:

  We must keep working up until we succeed. 我们必须不断工作,一直到取得成功为止。

  8. Thousands of stone blocks were moved and many roof sections were replaced with new ones where necessary. (Lesson 27) 成千上万的石块被搬走,在必要的地方更换了许多新的屋顶。

  [问] replace 有何意义和用法?

  [答] replace在这里是"替代,更换" 的意思。replace...with / by...意为"用……代替……","用……更换……"。例如:

  Now most of families in China have replaced coal fires with gas. 现在中国大多数家庭已经用煤气代替了煤火。

  The driver replaced a worn tire with a new one. 那位司机用一个新轮胎换掉了一个旧轮胎。

  [问]句中的where necessary也是一种省略现象吗?

  [答]句中的where necessary 是where it was necessary to do so的省略。where, when, if 等引起的从句有时可以省略,只保留从句中的必要成分,特别是当主谓语是it is / was的时候。例如:

  He made some marks in the article where necessary. (=He made some marks in the article where it was necessary to do so.) 他在文章中必要的地方做了一些记号。

  Don't forget to practice your spoken English when and where possible. (=Don't forget to practice your spoken English when and where it is possible to do so.)无论何时何地,只要可能就别忘了练习说英语。

  Correct the mistakes in these sentences, if any. (= Correct the mistakes in these sentences, if there are any mistakes.) 改正这些句子中的错误,如果有的话。

  9. Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want. (Lesson 30) 如果我不到城里每一家书店去看看,我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。

  [问] 请分析一下这个句子的结构。

  [答] 这是一个含有由unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句。其主句中有一个由whether引导的宾语从句,而在这个宾语从句中,又含有一个由what引导的宾语从句。

  [问] unless用法有何要点?

  [答] unless意为"除非……,否则……",引导一个否定意义的条件状语从句,可以替换为if...not。例如:

  My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry. (= My baby sister never cries if she isn't hungry.) 我刚出生的妹妹从来不哭,除非她饿了。

  I shall go there tomorrow unless I'm too busy. (= I shall go there tomorrow if I'm not too busy.) 如果我不太忙的话,明天将到那儿去。

  Unless you go at once, you will be late. (= If you don't go at once, you will be late.) 如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。

  10.For the greater part of the voyage we had pleasant weather, but towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm came up and the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. (Lesson 31) 在这次航行的大部分时间里,天气都很好,但是在横渡(大西洋)将近结束时,刮起了可怕的风暴,要不是由于船长的努力,我们就会连船带人都沉没了。

  [问] 这是一个很长的句子,怎样分析它的结构?

  [答]这是一个由并列连词but和and连接的并列句,它包括三个分句:第一个but之前是第一个分句;but之后至and之前是第二个分句;and之后至句末为第三个分句。

  [问] but for有何意义和用法?

  [答] but for是一个短语介词,意为"如果不是……",后跟名词。but for短语相当于一个虚拟条件句,因此,句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式。例如:

  But for your help, we couldn't have fini-

  shed the work so soon. 要不是你们的帮助,我们不可能这么快就完成那项工作。

  11. Neither I nor any of the sailors will leave the ship so long as it remains above the surface of the sea. (Lesson 31) 只要这艘船还在海面上,无论是我还是水手们都不会弃船而去。

  [问] so long as 是什么意义?它有何用法?

  [答] so long as 作"只要……"解,引导条件状语从句,相当于on condition that...。So long as 与as long as可以互相换用,但so long as语气较强,as long as多用于口语。例如:

  You may borrow this book so(as) long as you keep it clean. 我可以借给你这本书,只要你不把它弄脏。

  As (So) long as you are happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高兴,你干什么都行。

  (文/王同新 李翠芝;英语通高三版2003-2004学年第8期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)


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