高中英语辅导:高中英语近义词趣谈(II) |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/14 14:24 英语辅导报 |
8. gather;collect [问号乖乖] 这两个词都有"收集"之意,其含义有何细微区别? [读读猜猜] Gather round, and I'll tell you a story. Larry was fond of collecting foreign coins. [词义辨析] 上两句句意分别为:"大家坐过来,我给你们讲个故事。"和"莱瑞喜欢收藏外国钱币。" gather意为"聚集,集合"。作及物动词时,指把分散的东西收集在一起;作不及物动词时,指人或物主动集合。collect意为"收集,募集"。它指人为地把某东西收集起来,通常指精心地、有选择地、有计划地收集。如: That author is gathering materials for his next book. 那位作者在为他的下一本书收集资料。 The teacher gathered children for a game. 老师把孩子们招拢来玩游戏。 Why do you collect stamps? 你为什么要收集邮票? To collect books is my hobby. 收集书籍是我的业余爱好。 [比试比试] 用gather和collect的正确形式填空: 1. A crowd soon ________ round him. 2. A man who ________ taxes is called a taxcollector. [Key: 1. gathered 2. collects] 9. surprise;astonish [问号乖乖] surprise和astonish都有"吃惊"之意,其程度有什么不同? [读读猜猜] -Were you surprised to hear the news of his death? - Yes, I was astonished at it. I saw him working yesterday. [词义辨析] surprise用作名词,意为"惊奇,意想不到的事物"; 用作动词时, 意为"使吃惊"。 astonish是动词,意为"使惊讶",其名词为 astonishment。吃惊的程度大于surprise。如: To the boy's surprise, he saw John's face on the screen. 那男孩很诧异,他竟然在荧屏上看到了约翰的脸。 His visit was a surprise to me. 他的来访出乎我的意料。 He was surprised that she should be so ill. 他感到吃惊,她竟病成这样。 The news astonished everyone. 这消息令人惊愕。 [比试比试] 单句改错: 1. He looked at me in astonish. 2. Surprised, he was offered a good job. [Key: 1. astonish→ astonishment 2. Surprised→Surprisingly] 10. response;answer;reply [问号乖乖] 三个名词均有"回答,答复"之意,请问,它们在语言色彩和含义上有何不同? [读读猜猜] I gave her all the necessary figures and she found the answer quickly. [词义辨析] 上句句意为:我给她各种所需数据后,她马上找到了答案。 response意为"(可数)回答,答复;(可数或不可数)反应"。为常见的正式用语。如: He made no response to my question. 对我的问题他没有回答。 There has been very little response to our call for help. 对我们的求援没有什么反应。 answer意为"(可数)(对一问题、请求、书信或出于礼貌的招呼的)口头或书面的回答,答复;(对论点或指控)答辩;答案;(行动上的)反应;答卷"。如: I said good morning to him but he gave no answer. 我向他道早安,但他却没有应答。 Her answer was a smile. 她的反应是微笑一下。 reply意为"(不可数或可数)(口头、书面等的)答复"。如: We received several replies in answer to our advertisement. 我们登了广告后收到几个答复。 [比试比试]用response, answer和reply的正确形式填空: 1. I asked him, but he made no________. 2. The teacher asked the pupils to hand in their________. [Key: 1. reply / answer / response 2. answers] 11. suppose;expect;think [问号乖乖] 三个心理状态动词意义相近,请讲解其区别。 [读读猜猜] You are expected / supposed to do your duty. [词义辨析] 上句句意为:你应该尽职尽责。 suppose假定;(常用、正式)认为;料想,期望 I suppose he's gone home. 我猜想他回家去了。 I supposed him to be a workman, but he was in fact a thief. 我以为他是个工人,其实他是个小偷。 expect预料(好坏);(理所当然地)期望;(口语)认为(不用于进行时)。如: We expect a hot summer this year. 我们预期今年夏天会很热。 You expect too much of your child. 你对孩子的期望太高了。 I expect that you are tired. 我认为(想)你一定累了吧! think认为;想(要);预期(不用于进行时)。如: I don't think it will rain tomorrow. 我想明天不会下雨。 I didn't think (that) I'd be so late. 我没想到会这么晚。 [比试比试]用suppose, expect和think的正确形式填空: 1. -Where is the house? -It's ________ to be here. 2. As might have been________, he won the first prize. 3. Kennedy was, I ________, one of the greatest statesman. [Key: 1. supposed 2. expected 3. think] 12. true;real;actual [问号乖乖] true,actual和real都有"真的"意思,其区别是什么? [读读猜猜] In actual fact, he has a real love of art. [词义辨析] 上句句意为:事实上他真的爱好艺术。 real 真实的,现实的。特别强调真实性,尤指表里的一致性或同一性。而actual强调存在的事实,是就假设的、抽象的或猜测的事而言,意思是"符合实际的"。试比较: The actual value of labour in capitalist society does not represent the real value of labour. 资本主义社会中劳动的实际价值并不代表劳动的真正价值。 true说明或含有与现实或实际相符合的意思,尤用于表示或意指某一标准,规范,或典型。意思是"真的"。如: He is a true communist. 他是一位真正的共产党员。 比较:It's a real man, not a robot. 这是真的人,不是机器人。 He's a true man, not a coward. 他是真正的男子汉,不是懦夫。 [比试比试] 用true, real和actual填空: 1. It is________ silk. 2. Is it________ that he has left London? 3. The ________ price was lower than I had thought. [Key: 1. real 2. true 3. actual] 13. disappointing;disappointed interested ;interesting [问号乖乖] 我们在英语中学了许多现在分词和过去分词用作形容词,能否说说它们之间的区别? [读读猜猜] I'm disappointed with you, that is to say, your work is disappointing. [词义辨析] 由过去分词转换而来的形容词通常修饰人,表示人的情感,有被动含义;而由现在分词变换而来的形容词,常修饰事物(或人),表示令他人感到怎样,有主动含义。试比较: disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 excited兴奋的,激动的,情绪高涨的 exciting令人兴奋的 interested 感兴趣的 interesting有趣的 The weather was disappointing. 天气令人扫兴。 The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party. 孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了。 I tried to tell him about it, but he just wasn't interested. 我想把这事告诉他,可他根本不感兴趣。 [比试比试]用disappoint, interest和 excite的正确形式填空: 1. I was________not to be chosen. 2. Are you ________ in history? 3. Skiing is more ________ than skating. [Key: 1. disappointed 2. interested 3. exciting] 14. experience;knowledge [问号乖乖] 两词意义相近,请明示其不同用法。 [读读猜猜] I'm not quite sure, but to the best of my knowledge, he has no driving experience. [词义辨析] 上句句意为:我不能十分肯定,但具我所知,他没有驾驶经验。 experience意为"(不可数)经验;(可数)经历"。它强调经过某事之后之所得;它还可作动词讲,意为"经历、感受";knowledge是不可数名词,意为"知识;了解,理解;熟悉,通晓"。如: Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。 Please tell us of your experience in Africa. 请告诉我们你在非洲的经历。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 He has little knowledge of the facts. 他对事实了解甚少。 He has a good knowledge of London. 他是个伦敦通。 [比试比试]用experience和knowledge的适当形式填空: 1. He's very ________ in money matters. 2. He isn't there to my________. 3. He left home without his parents' ________. 4. I know it from________. [Key: 1. experienced 2. knowledge 3. knowledge 4. experience] (文/龚朝阳;英语通高三版2003-2004学年第8期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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