新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 高中英语辅导:高中英语近义词趣谈(II)

高中英语辅导:高中英语近义词趣谈(II)
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/14 14:24  英语辅导报

  8. gather;collect

  [问号乖乖]

  这两个词都有"收集"之意,其含义有何细微区别?

  [读读猜猜]

  Gather round, and I'll tell you a story.

  Larry was fond of collecting foreign coins.

  [词义辨析]

  上两句句意分别为:"大家坐过来,我给你们讲个故事。"和"莱瑞喜欢收藏外国钱币。"

  gather意为"聚集,集合"。作及物动词时,指把分散的东西收集在一起;作不及物动词时,指人或物主动集合。collect意为"收集,募集"。它指人为地把某东西收集起来,通常指精心地、有选择地、有计划地收集。如:

  That author is gathering materials for his next book. 那位作者在为他的下一本书收集资料。

  The teacher gathered children for a game. 老师把孩子们招拢来玩游戏。

  Why do you collect stamps? 你为什么要收集邮票?

  To collect books is my hobby. 收集书籍是我的业余爱好。

  [比试比试]

  用gather和collect的正确形式填空:

  1. A crowd soon ________ round him.

  2. A man who ________ taxes is called a taxcollector.

  [Key: 1. gathered 2. collects]

  9. surprise;astonish

  [问号乖乖]

  surprise和astonish都有"吃惊"之意,其程度有什么不同?

  [读读猜猜]

  -Were you surprised to hear the news of his death?

  - Yes, I was astonished at it. I saw him working yesterday.

  [词义辨析]

  surprise用作名词,意为"惊奇,意想不到的事物"; 用作动词时, 意为"使吃惊"。 astonish是动词,意为"使惊讶",其名词为 astonishment。吃惊的程度大于surprise。如:

  To the boy's surprise, he saw John's face on the screen. 那男孩很诧异,他竟然在荧屏上看到了约翰的脸。

  His visit was a surprise to me. 他的来访出乎我的意料。

  He was surprised that she should be so ill. 他感到吃惊,她竟病成这样。

  The news astonished everyone. 这消息令人惊愕。

  [比试比试] 单句改错:

  1. He looked at me in astonish.

  2. Surprised, he was offered a good job.

  [Key: 1. astonish→ astonishment 2. Surprised→Surprisingly]

  10. response;answer;reply

  [问号乖乖]

  三个名词均有"回答,答复"之意,请问,它们在语言色彩和含义上有何不同?

  [读读猜猜]

  I gave her all the necessary figures and she found the answer quickly.

  [词义辨析]

  上句句意为:我给她各种所需数据后,她马上找到了答案。

  response意为"(可数)回答,答复;(可数或不可数)反应"。为常见的正式用语。如:

  He made no response to my question. 对我的问题他没有回答。

  There has been very little response to our call for help. 对我们的求援没有什么反应。

  answer意为"(可数)(对一问题、请求、书信或出于礼貌的招呼的)口头或书面的回答,答复;(对论点或指控)答辩;答案;(行动上的)反应;答卷"。如:

  I said good morning to him but he gave no answer. 我向他道早安,但他却没有应答。

  Her answer was a smile. 她的反应是微笑一下。

  reply意为"(不可数或可数)(口头、书面等的)答复"。如:

  We received several replies in answer to our advertisement. 我们登了广告后收到几个答复。

  [比试比试]用response, answer和reply的正确形式填空:

  1. I asked him, but he made no________.

  2. The teacher asked the pupils to hand in their________.

  [Key: 1. reply / answer / response 2. answers]

  11. suppose;expect;think

  [问号乖乖]

  三个心理状态动词意义相近,请讲解其区别。

  [读读猜猜]

  You are expected / supposed to do your duty.

  [词义辨析]

  上句句意为:你应该尽职尽责。

  suppose假定;(常用、正式)认为;料想,期望

  I suppose he's gone home. 我猜想他回家去了。

  I supposed him to be a workman, but he was in fact a thief. 我以为他是个工人,其实他是个小偷。

  expect预料(好坏);(理所当然地)期望;(口语)认为(不用于进行时)。如:

  We expect a hot summer this year. 我们预期今年夏天会很热。

  You expect too much of your child. 你对孩子的期望太高了。

  I expect that you are tired. 我认为(想)你一定累了吧!

  think认为;想(要);预期(不用于进行时)。如:

  I don't think it will rain tomorrow. 我想明天不会下雨。

  I didn't think (that) I'd be so late. 我没想到会这么晚。

  [比试比试]用suppose, expect和think的正确形式填空:

  1. -Where is the house?

  -It's ________ to be here.

  2. As might have been________, he won the first prize.

  3. Kennedy was, I ________, one of the greatest statesman.

  [Key: 1. supposed 2. expected 3. think]

  12. true;real;actual

  [问号乖乖]

  true,actual和real都有"真的"意思,其区别是什么?

  [读读猜猜]

  In actual fact, he has a real love of art.

  [词义辨析]

  上句句意为:事实上他真的爱好艺术。

  real 真实的,现实的。特别强调真实性,尤指表里的一致性或同一性。而actual强调存在的事实,是就假设的、抽象的或猜测的事而言,意思是"符合实际的"。试比较:

  The actual value of labour in capitalist society does not represent the real value of labour. 资本主义社会中劳动的实际价值并不代表劳动的真正价值。

  true说明或含有与现实或实际相符合的意思,尤用于表示或意指某一标准,规范,或典型。意思是"真的"。如:

  He is a true communist. 他是一位真正的共产党员。

  比较:It's a real man, not a robot. 这是真的人,不是机器人。

  He's a true man, not a coward. 他是真正的男子汉,不是懦夫。

  [比试比试] 用true, real和actual填空:

  1. It is________ silk.

  2. Is it________ that he has left London?

  3. The ________ price was lower than I had thought.

  [Key: 1. real 2. true 3. actual]

  13. disappointing;disappointed interested ;interesting

  [问号乖乖]

  我们在英语中学了许多现在分词和过去分词用作形容词,能否说说它们之间的区别?

  [读读猜猜]

  I'm disappointed with you, that is to say, your work is disappointing.

  [词义辨析]

  由过去分词转换而来的形容词通常修饰人,表示人的情感,有被动含义;而由现在分词变换而来的形容词,常修饰事物(或人),表示令他人感到怎样,有主动含义。试比较:

  disappointing令人失望的

  disappointed 感到失望的

  excited兴奋的,激动的,情绪高涨的

  exciting令人兴奋的

  interested 感兴趣的

  interesting有趣的

  The weather was disappointing. 天气令人扫兴。

  The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party. 孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了。

  I tried to tell him about it, but he just wasn't interested. 我想把这事告诉他,可他根本不感兴趣。

  [比试比试]用disappoint, interest和 excite的正确形式填空:

  1. I was________not to be chosen.

  2. Are you ________ in history?

  3. Skiing is more ________ than skating.

  [Key: 1. disappointed 2. interested 3. exciting]

  14. experience;knowledge

  [问号乖乖]

  两词意义相近,请明示其不同用法。

  [读读猜猜]

  I'm not quite sure, but to the best of my knowledge, he has no driving experience.

  [词义辨析]

  上句句意为:我不能十分肯定,但具我所知,他没有驾驶经验。

  experience意为"(不可数)经验;(可数)经历"。它强调经过某事之后之所得;它还可作动词讲,意为"经历、感受";knowledge是不可数名词,意为"知识;了解,理解;熟悉,通晓"。如:

  Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。

  Please tell us of your experience in Africa. 请告诉我们你在非洲的经历。

  Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。

  He has little knowledge of the facts. 他对事实了解甚少。

  He has a good knowledge of London. 他是个伦敦通。

  [比试比试]用experience和knowledge的适当形式填空:

  1. He's very ________ in money matters.

  2. He isn't there to my________.

  3. He left home without his parents' ________.

  4. I know it from________.

  [Key: 1. experienced 2. knowledge 3. knowledge 4. experience]

  (文/龚朝阳;英语通高三版2003-2004学年第8期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)


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