一、时态误用

　　1. 误："Could I use your dictionary?" "Yes, of course you could."

　　正："Could I use your dictionary?" "Yes, of course you can."

　　析：情态动词用过去时提问，表示委婉客气的语气。应答时，用情态动词的一般现在时形式。类似的还有：

　　1) "Would you come back earlier next time?" "No, I will not."

　　2) "Might I have a look at your photos? ""Yes, you may."

　　2. 误：When I reached the bus station, the bus hadn't arrived yet, so I needn't hurried.

　　正：When I reached the bus station, the bus hadn't arrived yet, so I needn't have hurried.

　　析：表示与过去事实相反的虚拟、推测、愿望和情感时，常用"助动词或情态动词＋动词不定式完成式"的形式来表达。如：

　　1) You should have handed in your composition yesterday.

　　2) He ought not to have lied to his friend.

　　3) I was to have told her about it yesterday, but I didn't meet her.

　　4) You had better not have met him at that time.

　　5) She can't have left here, for I saw her just now.

　　3. 误：The man must have read my letter, mustn't he?

　　正：The man must have read my letter, hasn't he?

　　析：推测句中的反意疑问句，要根据确切的时态来完成后半部分。本句后半部分用完成时。又如：

　　1) She can't have gone, has she?

　　2) He must have bought the shoes just now, didn't he?

　　二、答词误用

　　1. 误："Must I go now?" "No, you mustn't."

　　正："Must I go now?" "No, you needn't. (No, you don't have to.)"

　　析：用must提问的句子，否定答词用needn't 或don't have to。不用原词作答词的情态动词还有：

　　1) "Need I rewrite the article?" "Yes, you must. (Yes, you have to.)"

　　2) "May I take the newspaper away?" "No, you mustn't."

　　3) "Shall I tell her about it?" "No, you needn't. I have already told her about it."

　　4) "Will you stay here for lunch?" "Sorry, I can't. My brother is coming to see me."

　　2. 误："Would he have visited me by then?"

　　"Yes, he should have."

　　正："Would he have visited me by then?"

　　"Yes, he would have."

　　析：谓语是"助动词或情态动词＋动词不定式完成式"的问句时，简略答式用"助动词或情态动词＋have"。如：

　　1) "Should he have come earlier?" "Yes, he should have."

　　2) "Needn't I have bought another car?" "No, you needn't have."

　　3. 误："Would you like to swim in the river?"

　　"Yes, I do."

　　正："Would you like to swim in the river?"

　　"Yes, I would like to. "

　　析：would like to do sth. 提问的肯定答语为：

　　Yes, sb. would like to.

　　注意下面一些助动词提问时的答式：

　　1) "Would you mind my smoking here?" "No, not at all. (or No, please. / No, go ahead.)"

　　2) "Would you rather have coffee?" "Yes, I'd rather. / No, I'd rather not."

　　3) "Had we better set off earlier?" "Yes, you should. (or Yes, you had. / No, you don't need to.)"

　　4) "Did he used to get up at five?" "Yes, he used to. / No, he usedn't."

　　5) "Is she coming next week?" "I think so. / I don't think so. (I think not.)"

　　三、词语误用

　　1. 误："Will he close the door?" "Yes, please."

　　正："Shall he close the door?" "Yes, please."

　　析：表示征求对方意见或请求给予指示等时，第二人称用情态动词will，第一、第三人称用shall。如：

　　1) Shall I turn down the radio?

　　2) Will you pass me the glass?

　　另外，shall，will在下列句中也易错用：

　　误：Let's go out for a walk, will you?

　　正：Let's go out for a walk, shall we?

　　误：Let us go out for a walk, shall we?

　　正：Let us go out for a walk, will you?

　　2. 误：Li Hua is no longer what he would be.

　　正：Li Hua is no longer what he used to be.

　　析：would仅表示过去经常发生的动作，不表示过去的状态。而used to既可表示过去的动作，又可表示过去的状态。

　　would在下列句中也易错用：

　　误：He said that he will attend the meeting.

　　正：He said that he would attend the meeting.

　　误：He suggested that Bob would be sent there.

　　正：He suggested that Bob should be sent there.

　　3. 误：The girl could pass her exam yesterday, because she had worked hard.

　　正：The girl was able to pass her exam yesterday, because she had worked hard.

　　析：could不能用来表示特定的某一过去

　　能力(指过去某次有能力做某事，而且

　　事实上做了)。还常在如下句中错用：

　　误：Tom has can drive a car.

　　正：Tom has been able to drive a car.

　　误：May the news be true?

　　正：Can the news be true?

　　(文/童三牛；英语通高中一年级版 03～04学年第7期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)