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Unit 5 The British Isles
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/25 09:32  新浪教育

  无声和意群阅读

  要做好阅读理解题,就要有一定的阅读速度,而提高阅读速度的关键在于良好的阅读习惯——无声阅读和意群阅读。无声阅读只运用眼和大脑两大器官,要比有声阅读或借助于铅笔或手指指着文章读快得多。意群阅读是指我们在阅读文章时,不要以一个词为单位来阅读,应以意群为单位来阅读。按意群来阅读时,我们的眼睛在意思完整处停顿,不仅可以提高阅读速度,而且有助于理解文章的主题。只要同学们有了无声阅读和意群阅读的好习惯,相信大家的阅读速度会很快得到提高。

  Passage A

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Did anyone find the names of “Great Britain”, “the United Kingdom”, “England” and “the British commonwealth” which have the same meaning? Strictly speaking, these names all refer to something different①. None of them are exactly the same as any of the others.

  The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map②. Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands. But the word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the UK .

  Now as for England, it refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom is the name of the state and the official name of the country, which many people popularly refer to England.

  Finally, the Britain commonwealth is the usual name for what is left of the British Empire (帝国). This change shows the weakening of British Empire and the rising of the national liberation movements throughout the world today.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① Strictly speaking, these names all refer to something different. 严格说来,这些名字的含义是不同的。

  ② The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map. 不列颠群岛指的是能在地图上看到的主要岛屿和几千个小岛屿。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. According to the passage, we know that ____ .

  A. Great Britain has the same meaning as Britain

  B. the United Kingdom has the same meaning as Britain or England

  C. all the names in the first paragraph have the same meaning

  D. all the names refer to England

  2. It is clear that the British isles refer to ____ .

  A. Britain, England and the UK.

  B. the two main islands and thousands of small ones

  C. three countries and several islands

  D. Great Britain or the United Kingdom

  3. Which of the following shows the right relationship (关系) between the British isles (BI), Britain (B) and England (E)?

  A. B>BI>EB. BI>E>BC. E>B>BID. BI>B>E

  4. If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh that lies in Scotland, you should write the address as ____ .

  A. Edinburgh, England

  B. Edinburgh, Great Britain

  C. Scotland, Edinburgh, England

  D. Great Britain, Scotland, Edinburgh

  Passage B

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.

  One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. “We will rest here tonight, my men,” he said, “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle①. We must win, or we will die.”

  They were all very tired. So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, they fell asleep.

  The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they went up the hill. Closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fighting was hard, but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland②.

  The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people liked it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. 明天还要进行一场战斗。

  ② The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland. 苏格兰人把罗马人赶出去,拯救了苏格兰。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. Hundreds of years ago, the Romans ____ .

  A. came from the north through England to make war on Scotland

  B. came to the north Scotland from England to make war on Scotland

  C. came from the north of England to fight the Scots

  D. came to the north from the south of Britain to fight the Scots

  2. At the shout of a Roman soldier, all the Scots who were asleep at the hill ____ .

  A. began to fight the Romans hard

  B. stood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight

  C. woke and rose immediately, ready to fight

  D. put their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to fight

  3. The result of the war is that ____ .

  A. the Romans killed all the Scots

  B. the Scots were defeated

  C. the Scots were driven out of Scotland

  D. the Scots defeated the Romans

  4. The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle ____ .

  A. is lovely, though not beautiful

  B. gave them happiness

  C. is a kind of useful plant

  D. helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans

  Passage C

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  In order to deal (对付) with one of the most pressing problems—congested traffic, the British city of Leeds is advising its citizens to share cars in rush hours①.

  As peak hour traffic floods into the city, many cars just contain the driver②. Surveys show that there are more than four thousand empty seats in these cars each morning, which the city council (议会) want filling. So from now on, priority (好处) will be given to those environmentallyconscious (有环境意识的) drivers who have taken at least one other person with them to work. One lane will be designated only for those vehicles (车辆) with two or more persons; the other slower lane for the single occupant (占有者).

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① In order to deal with one of the most pressing problems—congested traffic, the British city of Leeds is advising its citizens to share cars in rush hours. 为了解决最具压力的问题之一——交通拥挤,英国的利兹市建议它的市民在交通高峰时间共用汽车。

  ②As peak hour traffic floods into the city, many cars just contain the driver. 当城市的交通高峰期到来时,许多汽车里只有司机。

  根据文章内容,回答下面的问题:

  1.According to this report, which is the best way to solve the congested traffic?

  2.Whats the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “survey”?

  3. If you want to get to the city as soon as possible in the city in the future, what should you do?

  Passage D

  完形填空…………………………………………………………………

  Britain and Ireland

  The British isles is made up of two large islands①: One is called Ireland and the other 1 . Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands, and it is 2 into three parts: Scotland , Wales and England.

  The United Kingdom is that 3 of the British isles ruled over by the Queen. It is made up of Scotland, Wales and England, that is, the 4 of Britain, and also about onesixth of Ireland, the Northern part. The 5 of Ireland is selfgoverning. The 6 name of the United Kingdom is 7 “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.

  8 is larger and richer than Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and has the most 9 of the United Kingdom, so people often use the 10 “England” and “English” when they 11 “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little 12 . The Scots in particular are very 13 of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not regard 14 as English, and have a culture and even a 15 of their own.

  Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but for forty years the “Irish 16 ” was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom. 17 , Ireland is divided into two: Northern Ireland still 18 to the United Kingdom, and in 1922 the rest of Ireland 19 to found an Irish Free State, later called Eire and now the Republic of Ireland.

  The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as part of Britain②, and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦). Unlike the major Commonwealth countries it did not lift a finger to 20 British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland to be a republic.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①The British isles is made up of two large islands. 不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的。

  ②The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as British. 爱尔兰共和国不把自己看作是英国人。

  根据文章内容,回答下面的问题:

  1. A. Wales B. Britain C. England D. Scotland

  2. A. divided B. cut C. broken D. separated

  3. A. piece B. island C. country D. part

  4. A. south B. north C. part D. whole

  5. A. smaller B. larger C. rest D. island

  6. A. correct B. true C. full D. complete

  7. A. also B. therefore C. likely D. perhaps

  8. A. The UK B. The British isles C. Great Britain D. England

  9. A. colleges B. officials C. cities D. population

  10. A. words B. names C. spellingsD. pronunciations

  11. A. call B. forget C. speak D. write

  12. A. angry B. difficult C. tired D. lonely

  13. A. proud B. fond C. full D. kind

  14. A. it B. WalesC. them D. themselves

  15. A. capital B. language C. history D. programmes

  16. A. Country B. Question C. Disease D. Republic

  17. A. At last B. So C. Meanwhile D. Also

  18. A. returns B. belongs C. gets D. speaks

  19. A. hoped B. refused C. broke away D. used

  20. A. feel B. touch C. fight D. help

  Passage A

  本文主要向读者介绍有关英国的几个英语名称所包括的范围,让读者清楚它们之间的不同之处。

  1.A本题为推理判断题。由第一段可知,the Untied Kingdom, Great Britain, England 的含义是不同的,可排除B、C和D。也可根据第二段第二句“Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands.”得出答案A。

  2.B本题为细节考查题。由第二段第一句“The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map.”可得出正确答案。

  3.D本题为排序题。由全文可知,the British isles包括英国地图上所有的岛屿,Britain是指其中的一个岛屿,而England是指Britain岛屿上的一个国家。

  4.B本题为常识题。众所周知,Scotland是英国的一部分,再根据本文有关英国的知识和写地址按照由小到大的顺序,可得出答案B。

  Passage B

  本文讲述了几百年前,在苏格兰人民抵御罗马军队的入侵的战斗中,一种叫蓟的植物在关键时刻帮助苏格兰人击败了罗马军队,拯救了苏格兰。

  1.B本题为细节考查题。由第一段第一句“...a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland.”,可以知道罗马军队来自北方,并经过England来入侵苏格兰。

  2.C本题为句意理解题。本题的考查实际上是针对短文第四段第九句“In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle.”进行的,该句的意思是:他们立刻就起来,并准备战斗了。因此答案为C。

  3.D本题为细节考查题。由第四段最后一句“The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.”可以得出答案D。

  4.D本题为推理判断题。正是因为thistle在关键时刻帮助了苏格兰人拯救了自己的国家,苏格兰人才喜爱它,并把它定为国花。

  Passage C

  本文讲述了英国的利兹市由于汽车数目众多,造成了交通高峰期的交通拥挤,为此城市鼓励市民共用车辆,以解决此问题。

  1.The best way to solve the congested traffic is to reduce the numbers of cars entering the city. 第一段谈到为了解决这个问题,该城市建议市民共用车辆,也就是为了减少车辆的数目。

  2.Its Chinese meaning is “调查”。根据survey所处句子的意思可以推断出其大体含义。

  3.You should have your car shared with somebody else and drive along the fast lane.由短文的最后一句,可知这座城市将为和别人共用车辆的人们建造快车道。

  Passage D

  本文主要讲述了the United Kingdom的几个重要组成部分,让读者能够了解它们的一些情况。

  1.B由空后的“Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands”可推断出答案。

  2.A词组be divided into意思是“被分成……”;cut into 意为“打断,侵犯”;break into 意为“破门而入”;separate from意为“分离,分开”。

  3.D由该句可知the United Kingdom就是the British isles中被女王统治的那一部分。

  4.D由第一段最后一句我们知道Britain是由Scotland, Wales和England三部分组成,所以说以上三部分就是整个的Britain。

  5.C爱尔兰分为两部分,北部为英国统治,其他部分自治。

  6.C此处指英国的全称。Whats your full name? 你的全名是什么?

  7.B由上文可知the United Kingdom 包括Britain,Wales,England以及Northern Ireland,又Britain,Wales和England就是指整个Britain,因此the United Kingdom又被称为“The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”。

  8.Dthe United Kingdom共由四部分组成,其他三部分都提到了,就剩下England,因此答案为D。

  9.D只有人口最多,再加上面积最大和最富有,才能使人们提起Britain或British就用England或English来代替。而大学、官员和城市最多并不足以使人们这样做。

  10.A“England”和“English”是两个单词。

  11.A表示当人们称呼Britain或British时,常常用England或English。

  12.A因为Wales和Scotland都属于Britain,所以称呼Britain为England自然让威尔士人和苏格兰人都有点生气。

  13.A词组be proud of意思是“为……自豪或骄傲”,符合题意。

  14.Dthe Welsh的反身代词为themselves。

  15.B作为英国的一个相对独立的组成部分,Welsh有自己的语言。而capital是另外几个部分都具备的。

  16.B由下文的the great headache可推出答案为B。

  17.A词组at last的意思是“最终”,表示Ireland最终分为两部分。

  18.B词组belong to意思是“属于”,Northern Ireland 仍旧属于the United

  Kingdom。

  19.C词组break away表示“脱离”。

  20.D爱尔兰共和国在二战中一点都没有帮助英国人。

  It looked as if the Romans would win. (Passage B, Para. 1, Sentence 5) 看起来,罗马人要胜利了。

  词组as if意思是“好像”,用来引导方式状语从句,主要用法如下:

  1. 当as if引导的状语从句表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气。常与look, seem, taste, smell, sound等词连用。

  It looks as if he is a manager. 看起来他是一名经理。

  It seems as if Wang Liqin is going to win the match. 王励勤好像要赢得这场比赛。

  2. 当as if 引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,从句通常用虚拟语气。现在的状况用过去式(be动词用were)表示虚拟语气;过去的状况用过去完成时表示虚拟语气。

  He walks as if he were drunk. 他走路的样子好像是喝醉了。

  The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.那个受伤的男子表现得好像没发生什么事。

  因此,我们在使用as if引导从句时,要注意从句中所用时态不同,意思也不同。


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