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Unit 2 News media

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/25 09:31 新浪教育

　　掌握阅读技巧

　　要想做好阅读理解试题，除了具备扎实的基本功外，还要具备一定的阅读技巧。

　　1. 先看问题再看文章。看问题也是对文章进行粗略把握的一种过程，同时，还可以让大家在阅读文章时有的放矢，进行有针对性阅读。

　　2. 要把握住文章的主题句和中心句。主题句一般在文章第一段或者最后一段，每一段也有自己的中心句。只要同学们能够把握主题句和中心句，做阅读理解题就会得心应手。

　　3. 合理分配时间。阅读时应将注意力集中在对文章的整体理解上，不要将过多的时间浪费在那些无关紧要的内容上。

　　4. 不断增加自己的词汇量。多掌握一些词汇可以提高你的阅读速度，使自己看文章时不为某一个单词左右。

　　Passage A

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　The first newspaper was written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 B.C. In the 700s the worlds first printed newspaper was published. Europe didnt have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.

　　The first regularly published newspaper in English was printed in Amsterdam in 1620①. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courtant, which came out in March 1702.

　　In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started the Boston Newspaper, the first newspaper published daily in the American Colonies (殖民地). By 1760, the colonies had had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1，800 daily papers in United States.

　　Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation in the world②. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun. It sells more than eleven million copies every year.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① The first regularly published newspaper in English was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. 第一份定期出版的英文报纸于1620年在阿姆斯特丹印刷。

　　② Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation in the world. 现在，作为一个整体，英文报纸有着世界上最大的发行量。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. The first regularly printed European newspaper started in ____ .

　　A. Rome in 59 B.C.

　　B. Germany in 1609

　　C. Amsterdam in 1620

　　D. England in 1621

　　2. The first daily newspaper in English started in ____ .

　　A. 1620

　　B. 1621

　　C. 1590

　　D. 1702

　　3. From the article, we know that ____ .

　　A. newspapers have the longest history in the United States

　　B. one English language newspaper has the largest circulation in the world

　　C. the first English newspaper was printed in Rome in 59 B.C.

　　D. there are all kinds of newspapers all over the world today

　　4. Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A. Newspapers started in 59 B.C.

　　B. Germany had the earliest European printed newspaper.

　　C. The first English newspaper started in England.

　　D. The first American newspapers stopped before 1704.

　　5. The best title for this passage should be ____ .

　　A. History of Newspaper

　　B. History of Daily Newspaper

　　C. The Beginning of Newspapers

　　D. On Reading Newspapers

　　Passage B

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary (非凡的) piece of reading. It is remarkably (显著的) first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comments and special features as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now①. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (暂时的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspaper efficiently, which means getting what you want from it without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and selfawareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading②.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. 报纸的时事性以及与当地和世界上正在发生事情的迅速联系性把这些不同的内容整合在一起。

　　②For all these reasons, reading newspaper efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and selfawareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading. 因为这些原因，有效地看报意味着既不会漏掉自己需要的又不浪费时间地得到自己想得到的东西，在改进和应用阅读方法时也需要技巧和自我意识。

　　根据文章内容，在横线上填上适当的词，完成下面的句子：

　　1. A modern newspaper is remarkable for its ____ , ____ and its popularity.

　　2. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers usually read a newspaper ____ .

　　3. A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because ____ .

　　4. The best title for this passage would be ____ .

　　Passage C

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a large circulation①. The “Daily Mirror” and the “Daily Express” both sell about four million copies every day. British families generally buy a newspaper every morning and two or three on Sundays.

　　Besides the national papers, there is, however, another branch (分支) of the British press which sells almost as many copies. Local newspapers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Almost every town and country area has one. Nearly all of them hold their own financially and many of them are very profitable (赚钱的).

　　These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in local events — births, weddings, deaths, council (地方议会) meetings and sports②. Editors prefer to depend on people who know the district well. A great deal of local news is regularly supplied by clubs and churches in

　　the neighbourhood and it does not get out of date as quickly as national news.

　　The editors must never forget the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. He is usually anxious to keep the good will of local businessmen for this reason. But if the newspaper is well written and the news items have been carefully chosen to draw local readers, the businessmen are grateful for the opportunity to keep their products in the public eyes.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a large circulation. 到英国的参观者有时吃惊地得知那儿的报纸有如此大的发行量。

　　②These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in local events — births, weddings, deaths, council (地方议会) meetings and sports. 这些报纸写的几乎都是读者感兴趣的地方事件——出生、婚礼、死亡、地方议会会议和运动。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. Visitors to Britain are surprised to learn that ____ .

　　A. there are so many local newspapers there

　　B. local papers should have a circulation of four million

　　C. the “Daily Mirror” and “Daily Express” sell as many as 4 million copies every day

　　D. British newspapers are so widely read

　　2. Local newspapers have ____ .

　　A. a circulation as large as that of national newspapers

　　B. a daily circulation of 13 million

　　C. a slightly smaller circulation than national newspapers

　　D. an even larger circulation than national newspapers

　　3. Which of the following is true?

　　A. Every town and country area has at least one paper of its own.

　　B. Nearly all towns and country areas have their own papers.

　　C. There is a paper, national or local, in each town and country area.

　　D. A lot of distant town and country areas do not have their own papers.

　　4. In the writers opinion, the editor must remember that no paper can possibly succeed without ____ .

　　A. advertisementsB. interesting reports

　　C. a great deal of national newsD. an excellent sales manager

　　Passage D

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　I was a reporter of an evening paper in London. One day I was 1 to write a few articles on 2 in London. It was 3 that all my adventures started. I made a 4 that the best way of collecting facts was that I would go deep into the 5 of life. I used to be an actor, of course, I had 6 all the skills of makeup① and could 7 make good use of them. Having finished all necessary preparations, I 8 myself in one of the busiest streets. At home that night I was 9 to find that I had received more than a pound.

　　Well, you can imagine how 10 it was to settle down② to work hard on the newspaper at two pounds a week, when I knew that I could 11 as much as that in a single day! I 12 my job as a reporter, though my pride was hurt. My knowledge of makeup helped me 13 and my clever answers quickly made me almost a 14 character. All day and every day, the money 15 into my cap and I usually received 16 two pounds in a day. In the end, I 17 take a large bright beautiful white 18 in the country, and later to marry. Nobody had any idea where my money 19 came from. My dear wife only knew that I had 20 in London: that was all.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① makeup 化妆

　　② settle down 平静下来；专心于

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. invitedB. askedC. calledD. elected

　　2. A. playing B. shopping C. publishingD. begging

　　3. A. then B. there C. soon D. the capital

　　4. A. promise B. conclusionC. decisionD. preparation

　　5. A. diaries B. realities C. beginnings D. difficulties

　　6. A. played B. actedC. learned D. tried

　　7. A. evenB. justC. hardlyD. still

　　8. A. found B. placedC. layD. expressed

　　9. A. excited B. pleased C. surprised D. disappointed

　　10. A. interesting B. successful C. easyD. hard

　　11. A. make B. spendC. saveD. care

　　12. A. gave in B. gave off C. gave up D. gave out

　　13. A. a lot B. a littleC. muchD. well

　　14. A. favourite B. publicC. popular D. funny

　　15. A. ranB. cameC. threwD. poured

　　16. A. nearly B. totallyC. at leastD. at most

　　17. A. was able to B. couldC. had toD. must

　　18. A. land B. houseC. gardenD. car

　　19. A. really B. easilyC. simplyD. usually

　　20. A. office B. jobC. bankD. business

　　Passage A

　　本文主要向读者介绍了报纸的有关历史，让读者了解最早的报纸，发行量最大的报纸等等。

　　1.B本题为细节考查题。由第一段最后一句可知，欧洲直到1609年才拥有了第一份定期发行的报纸，这份报纸创办于德国。

　　2.D本题为细节考查题。由第二段最后一句“The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courtant, which came out in March 1702.”可得出答案D。

　　3.D本题为推理判断题。由文章的最后一段告诉读者英文报纸作为一个整体有着最大发行量，但对于一份报纸来说，发行量最大的应属日本的一家报纸。从而也暗示读者，世界上有各种各样的报纸。

　　4.D本题为推理判断题。由第一段第二句“...daily news paper...”可排除A；由第一段最后一句“...regular published newspaper...”可排除B；由第二段第一句“...in Amsterdam...”可排除C；第三段第一句话告诉读者第一份美国报纸创办于1690年，但很快就停印了，再由下文知道1704年美国波士顿报纸发行。综上所述，可以判断出答案为D。

　　5.A本题为推理判断题。本文主要告诉读者有关报纸的历史，它并不仅仅告诉我们有关日报的历史，因此B不妥当；而C只说出了报纸的开始，D项则是说有关读报的情况，从而排除C和D。

　　Passage B

　　本文主要向读者介绍了一份好报纸所应具备的几个方面：内容广泛、报道及时以及大众化。

　　1.its wide coverage, its speed in reporting news 读完全文可知，一份好的现代报纸应是包括范围广、报道新闻的速度快、大众化。

　　2.selectively 通读全文，我们可以知道读者通常是有选择地看报纸。

　　3. it tries to serve different reader 因为读者的需求存在很大差异，所以报纸只有内容广泛，才能吸引更多的读者。

　　4. The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper 本文主要讲述一份好报纸应该具备的特点。

　　Passage C

　　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国报纸的发行情况。

　　1.D本题为推理判断题。短文第一段告诉我们在英国几乎每家每天早上都要买份报纸，星期天要买两三份，由此我们得出结论：英国报纸被广泛地阅读。答案为D。

　　2.C本题为细节考查题。由第二段可知，地方报纸的发行量为每周13 million，发行量远远小于第一段谈到的国家报纸的发行量。因此答案为C。

　　3.B本题为事实辨认题。由短文第二段第三句“Almost every town and country area has one.”可得出答案。

　　4.A本题为细节考查题。由短文最后一段的首句“The editors must never forget the success of any newspaper depends on advertising.”得出答案A。

　　Passage D

　　作为一位晚报的记者，“我”被要求写一篇有关乞讨的报道。为了真正了解乞讨生活，作者化装成一位乞丐在街上乞讨，没想到当乞丐比当记者挣的钱还要多，于是他放弃了记者的工作走上了行乞的道路。

　　1.B“我”是一家晚报的记者，工作就是写报道，不是应邀、号召或选举而写，故排除A、C、D。报社要他写篇报道，应选B。

　　2.D根据下文作者扮作乞丐去体验生活可知，报社是要求他写一篇有关乞讨的文章。

　　3.A本句是一个强调句型，强调从正式接受任务起，作者就开始了他的历险。

　　4.Cmake a decision是一固定短语，意思是“作决定”。

　　5.B此处表示作者要深入生活实际去了解乞讨生活。

　　6.C由上文可知，作者曾当过演员，自然也就学过化妆的技巧。

　　7.D由上文中and可知still为最佳答案，表示作者不仅学过化妆技术，而且现在仍会使用。

　　8.B作者应是置身于街道上，而选find是指“意外地发现自己在街上”。

　　9.C根据下文可知乞讨得到的钱不算少，出乎作者的意料，因此应选surprised。

　　10.D既然当乞丐一天可以挣到当记者一周的报酬，作者自然认为为报社努力工作一周只挣两英镑是非常不容易的事情。

　　11.Amake意思是“挣，赚”，与earn同义。

　　12.C既然当乞丐能挣这么多钱，作者就放弃(give up)了记者的工作。

　　13.A在乞讨过程中，作者对于化妆的了解自然帮了他很多忙。

　　14.B我的回答使自己很快出了名，public character意思是“出名人士”。

　　15.Dpour意思是“灌注，涌入”，表示人们施舍的钱数之多。

　　16.C由第二段第一句可知，作者当乞丐一天能挣作者当记者一周的工资(两英镑) ，再由上面提到作者当乞丐相当成功，可得出答案C。

　　17.A“was able to”表示有能力并且也买了房子，而could只表示有能力做某事，但未必真得去做。

　　18.B根据空后的in the country，可把D(car)排除，再根据下文to marry可知此处应是买房子。

　　19.A人们只知道作者挣钱，但并不知道钱的真正来源。

　　20.D前三个选项都是可数名词，前面应加限定词，只有business为不可数名词，意思是“买卖”。

　　A great deal of local news is regularly supplied by clubs and churches in the neighbourhood and it does not get out of date as quickly as national news.

　　(Passage C, Para3, Sentence 3) 大量的地方新闻都是由附近的俱乐部和教堂按时提供的，不会像国家报纸那样很快过时。

　　词组a great deal of意思是“大量，许多”，多用来修饰不可数名词。当该词组修饰不可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　We need a great deal of money. 我们需要大量的钱。

　　A great deal of work has not been done. 还有大量的工作没做。

　　此外，表示“许多”、“大量”的短语还有以下几个：

　　a quantity of / quantities of (既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词)，a lot of/ lots of(既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词)，plenty of(既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词)，a great amount of(只修饰不可数名词)，a (great) number of(只能修饰可数名词)。

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