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实战演练 Passage 21-25

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/15 14:20 新浪教育

　　Passage 21

　　Advertising informs consumers about new products available on the market. It gives us information about everything from shampoo to tooth-paste to computers and cars. But there is one serious problem with this. The “information” is actually very often “misinformation.” It tells us the products, benefits but hides their disadvantages. Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we don’t need and can’t afford, but it also confuses our sense of reality.

　　Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives. Advertisements show us who we aren’t and what we don’t have. “Why don’t I have any dates (约会)?” a good-looking girl sadly asks in a commercial. “Here, ” replies her roommate, “try Zoom tooth-paste!” Of course she tried it, and immediately the whole football team falls in love with her. “That’s a stupid commercial,” we might say. But we still buy Zoom tooth-paste out of fear of being unpopular and having no friends.

　　If fear is the negative motive (动机) for buying a product, then wanting a good self-image is the positive reason for choosing it. Each of us has a mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. For example, a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star. A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong, attractive athlete. Advertisers know this. They write specific ads to make certain groups of people choose their product.

　　Advertisers get psychologists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image. They all so inform them about recent studies with colors and words. They have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors.

　　Many people believe that advertising does not affect them. They like to think they make wise choices. Unfortunately, they probably don’t realize the powerful effect of advertising. They may not clearly understand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive (强有力的) competition for our money, and they are extremely successful.

　　1. Advertising .

　　A. gives us valuable information about new products

　　B. misinforms us

　　C. doesn’t influence us very much

　　D. doesn’t always tell us everything about a product

　　2. “A modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star.” That means .

　　A. a modern young woman wants to be as attractive as possible

　　B. every modern young woman wants to act in movies

　　C. most modern women think that they are beautiful

　　D. modern women are not always satisfied with themselves

　　3. Advertisers to make us buy products.

　　A. offer very low prices B. get information from psychologists

　　C. use similar method D. need to use better detergent and shampoo

　　4. Psychologists tell advertisers .

　　A. which brands of tooth-paste to produce B. to stop influencing shoppers

　　C. about people’s motives for buying D. how much money to spend on television

　　答案与分析：

　　全文讲述了商家想尽各种办法运用广告形式争夺市场。全文讲述了广告的常见的几种方式。

　　1. D 细节题。从第一段The “information” is actually very often “misinformation.” It tells us the products, benefits but hides their disadvantages得此答案。

　　2. A 句意理解题。这是在讲述广告利用人们的self-imagine的时候讲的广告采用的手法。

　　3. B 细节题。从第四段的第一句得此答案。

　　4. C 细节理解题。从第四段These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image.及下文得此答案。

　　Passage 22

　　Main Holiday Islands

　　Channel Islands

　　The two main islands, Jersey and Quernsey, are remarkable in that they present a combination of enjoyment and peace and quiet. Neither is land is very big (only ten miles long) and so all parts of these coasts are easily reached from the main centers ─ St. Helier and St. Peter Port. In both these towns and particularly in Jersey’s St. Helier are concentrated (集中) the amusements of really big resorts (休养地). The nearness of France gives a continental atmosphere; the weather is far better than in England. The other three islands, Jethou, Herm and Sarkare small and quiet.

　　Isles of Scilly

　　The islands are really small and quiet; the weather is warm but windy. The islands are excellent for those who enjoy exploring (探险) small inlets (水湾), creeks (小溪) and bays on foot, or even better, in a boat.

　　Isle of Wight

　　The island is 24 miles across and therefore quite large. The scenery is good and varied. The resorts are neither overlarge nor showy. The crowds seeming content with entertaining but quieter holidays. The island has the best sunshine record in Britain.

　　Isle of Man

　　An island with a unique atmosphere ─ in some indefinable (难以描述的) way it is different from England, Scotland or Wales. Thirty miles long, with good roads and good public transport, the mountains, hills and glens (幽谷) are easily reached. Douglas is a major British resort and other resorts are lively.

　　1. Which is the largest of the islands mentioned?

　　A. Herm. B. The Isle of Man. C. The Isle of Wight. D. Jersey.

　　2. If you want to be fairly sure you would have a lot of sun on holiday, which island would you choose?

　　A. The Channel Islands. B. The Isle of Man.

　　C. The Isle of Wight. D. The Scilly Isle.

　　3. If you are having a holiday on Jersey, where would you go for amusement?

　　A. Douglas. B. Sandown. C. St. Heller. D. St. Peter Port.

　　4. In which way are the Channel Islands different from all the other island holiday places?

　　A. The coasts are easily reached from the main centres.

　　B. There are more islands there.

　　C. There is something French about them.

　　D. The weather is better.

　　答案与分析

　　本文是广告阅读，全文介绍了几个可以度假的岛。

　　1. B细节题。由文中提供的信息可知，最大的岛屿应为 “the Isle of Man”。

　　2. C细节题。由文中可知，the Island of Wight “has the best sunshine record in Britain”。

　　3. C细节题。由文中第一段： “…particularly in Jerse’s St. Helier, are concentrated (集中) the amusements of really big resorts.”可知答案是C。

　　4. D细节题。由Channel Islands一段可知 “…the weather is far better than in England ”, 故正确答案应为D。

　　Passage 23

　　On July 16,1960, Jane Goodall, a 26-year-old former secretary from England, began to study the behaviour of chimpanzees in the wild . Until that time, scientists had mostly observed and studied chimpanzees in laboratories and zoos . Few scientists had gone to study chimpanzees in the remote areas of Africa where the chimps live. When scientists had studied the chimpanzees in the wild, they hadn’t spent long periods of time observing them. Jane Goodall planned to watch chimpanzees in Africa over a ten-year period and see exactly how they behaved . She was not a professional scientist when she started out . Her book , In the Shadow of Man ,tells how she began her project and what she discovered.

　　As Goodall said in 1973 , “I had no qualifications at all . I was just somebody with a love of animals.” Her love of animals drew her to Africa , where she met Dr Louis S. B. Leakey . Leakey was a world-famous scientist who was studying how prehistoric people lived . Since chimpanzees are humans’ closest living relatives , Leakey thought prehistoric people might have lived in the same ways that chimpanzees live today . Leakey told Goodall that studying chimpanzees might give clues about the way that early people lived.

　　Leakey asked Goodall to study the chimpanzees on the shores of Lake Tanganyike in Africa . The chimpanzees were very shy and the country was very difficult to travel through . Goodall took on the difficult job of finding and watching the chimpanzees.

　　1. It is clear from the text that Jane Goodall decided to study chimpanzees .

　　A. because she was working in a laboratory

　　B. when she was doing research for a book

　　C. because of her scientific work in England

　　D.after she met Dr Leakey in Africa

　　2. According to the text ,Dr Leakey was a scientist who .

　　A. worked at Lake Tanganyika B.studied how prehistoric people lived

　　C. researched the behaviour of animals in zoos

　　D. taught people to identify different species of chimpanzees

　　3. Dr Leakey thought that studying chimpanzees would help his work because chimpanzees .

　　A. are easy to locate in the wild

　　B. are closely related to humans

　　C. enjoy interaction(相互作用)with humans

　　D. have predictable behaviour patterns

　　4. According to the information , finding chimpanzees in Africa would be a difficult task for Jane because .

　　A. the country was rugged and the animals were timid(easily frightened)

　　B. the chimpanzees may not remain in the area for ten years

　　C. Jane would have to identify areas where prehistoric people had lived

　　D. Dr Leakey was not aware of the conditions in which the chimpanzees lived

　　答案与分析

　　为了研究人类的近亲—-猩猩的生活习性，Goodall在Dr Leakey的帮助下进入非洲的旷野研究猩猩，她是处于对动物的喜爱。

　　1. D 推理题。从第二段我们可以得知，Goodall遇到Dr Leadkey的时候他告诉了她许多有关猩猩的事情，这引起了她的兴趣。

　　2. B细节题。从第二段Leakey was a world-famous scientist who was studying how prehistoric people lived得此答案。

　　3. B 细节题。从Since chimpanzees are humans’ closest living relatives得此答案。

　　4. A 细节理解题。从短文的最后两句可得此答案。

　　Passage 24

　　It would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for romantic reasons; but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only chance to gain independence from their parents, to have a provider, or to be assured of a good place in society. A couple of generations ago, and old maid of twenty-five did not have much to look forward to, she was more or less fated to remain with her parents or to live in some relative’ s home where she would help with the chores and the children. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they used to, and an unmarried woman of twenty-eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over. Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only when and if she chooses. As a result, today’s women tend (倾向)to marry later in life. They have fewer children — or none at all — if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is decline in the birthrate.

　　The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. Children are raised differently; they spend more time with adults who are not their parents: baby sitters, day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question. Some child experts believe that young children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind. Others think that children get more from a mother who spends with them “quality time” (a time of fun and relaxation set aside for them) rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting. And many child psychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than those raised at home. No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that the longer the child is with the mother, the better.

　　1. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

　　A. women today have developed a new role in family life

　　B. the birthrate is declining as a result of women’ s pursuit(追求) of careers

　　C. women have always been dependent(依赖) on their parents even after marriage

　　D. children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound

　　2. The change in women’s attitude towards marriage results in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

　　A. more and more women quit(leave) jobs to take care of their children at home

　　B. women today tend to marry later than they did

　　C. women have less time to raise children

　　D. more and more families remain childless

　　3. People have different opinions over the question as to _____.

　　A. how children should be raised

　　B. where children should be raised

　　C. whether children should stay with their parents

　　D. how long children should stay with their parents

　　4. The author suggests that _____.

　　A. working women should not have children

　　B. children should be kept in day-care centers all the time

　　C. young children should stay with their mother as long as possible

　　D. women should leave their work to look after their children at home

　　答案与分析

　　通读全文，本文是说明文。全文说明了现代女性与传统女性的不同：传统女性结婚是为了离开父母自己更有独立性，操持家务等。现代女性经济独立，有自己的事业，因此更具独立性。

　　1. A 细节题。从第二段首句The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. 得此答案。

　　2. D 细节题。从第二段Children are raised differently，我们得知，现代妇女不是不要孩子，而是带孩子的方式不同。

　　3. C 细节题。从Whether they gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question 及下文可得此答案。

　　4. C 细节题。从最后一句No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that the longer the child is with the mother, the better.得此答案。

　　Passage 25

　　When I was growing up, I was embarrassed (困惑) to be seen with my father. He was badly crippled (跛脚) and very short , and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If ever noticed or bothered, he never let on.

　　It was difficult to walk together-his steps slow, mine impatient-and because of that, we didn’t say much and we went along. But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace. I will try to follow you.”

　　Our usual walk was to or from the subway (地铁), which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and even in bad weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not .It was a matter of pride for him.

　　When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk ,even with help. At such times my sister or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N. Y., on a child’s sleigh to the subway entrance .Once there, he would try to grasp handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.

　　When I think of it now, I am surprised at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to suffer from shame and disability. And I am also surprised at how he did it -- without bitterness or complaint.

　　He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a “good heart,” and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.

　　Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard (标准) by which to judge people, even though I still don’t know exactly what a “good heart” is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.

　　He has been away many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about my troubles, when I am envious of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a “good heart”.

　　1. How did the man treat his father when he was young?

　　A. He helped his father happily. B. He never helped his father.

　　C. He helped his father, but not very happily.

　　D. He only helped his father take a walk after supper.

　　2. As a disabled man, his father____.

　　A. didn’t work very hard B. didn’t go to work from time to time

　　C. hated those who had good fortune

　　D. was happy and satisfied, and never lost hope

　　3. What does the word “reluctance” mean in the article? It means___.

　　A. anger B. sadness C. happiness D. unwillingness

　　4. How did the father get to work usually?

　　A. By subway. B .By bus. C .By wheelchair B. By bike

　　答案与分析

　　本文是记叙文。全文记叙了残疾的父亲带给我的精神鼓励。

　　1. C细节题。从and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention 我们得知，在我们一起外出时，“我”会给他一些帮助，但是见到人盯着看时，“我”又极不好意思。

　　2. D判断题。从He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of he more fortunate or able我们得知，my father 从不因自己的残疾而自暴自弃，因此D为最佳答案。

　　3. D词义意理解题。本词所在句是照应前文的一句。在前文When I was growing, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father中的embarrassed就是指，因为“我”父亲的残疾，“我”不愿意与他一起出现在众人面前。因此本词意为“不乐意”。

　　4. A细节题。从第四段At such times my sister or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N. Y., on a child’s sleigh to the subway entrance得此答案。

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