系动词 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/15 14:49 新浪教育 |
系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题: 1. be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now. 2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。 3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。 专项训练 1. —What is Mr Wang like? —____. A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind C. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English 2. What Mr White said sounds____. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. goes C. became D. went 4. When he was a child he____ . A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true 5. His voice____ as if he has a cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton. A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems 7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month A. that B. as if C. when D. so far 8. It ____that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems 9. These apples taste_____. A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. —Do you like the shirt? —Yes, it ____ very soft. A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt 11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall 12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. coming 13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet. A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She____ like her mother in character. A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It____ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He ____ much younger than he really is. A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick? A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked 19. His wish to become a driver has ____true. A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown 20. Her father ____a writer. A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become 答案与分析 1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语,答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。 2. A sound表示“听起来”,后面接形容词作表语,答案B、C、D均为副词。 3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时,用系动词go表示。 4. C run wild是固定搭配,表示“放荡不羁”。 5. A sound表示“听起来”,后面接as if 引导的表语从句,表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。 6. C feel作系动词用时,表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。 7. B as if引导表语从句时,从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,从句谓语用过去完成式。 8. D “ It seems that…” 表示“看起来……”。是固定句型,强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。 9. D taste表示“尝起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语。 10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时,是系动词,用于一般现在时。 11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”,是固定搭配,根据题意,应用过去时。 12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时,是系动词,多用于进行时。 13. A prove表示“证明是”时,是系动词。 14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时,是系动词,后面接形容词。 15. C belike表示“看起来像”时,既可指外貌,又可指品质和特征,侧重于特征。 16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时,是系动词,后面接名词作表语。 17. A appear表示“看起来”时,是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象,常为“假象”。 18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语,用进行时态,常带有感情色彩。 19. C come true是固定搭配,表示“实现”,其中come是系动词,表示“成为”、“变得”。 20. D become表示“变成”,作系动词用,在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。 |