考点透视

　　一、状语从句

　　1.时间状语从句

　　(1)时间状语从句常由连词when, before, after, while, since, till / until, as soon as等引导。

　　The train had left when I got to the station. 我到车站时火车已经开走了。

　　(2)时间状语从句一般不用将来时，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有将来的意味，when, as soon as, till/until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

　　When the lights are red the traffic must stop. 红灯亮时须停车。

　　I’ll tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。

　　Wait here until I come back.. 在这里等到我回来。

　　(3)when, as, while都“当……的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间;用as，while时则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生;while只能表示一段时间，从句须用延续性动词。

　　As he walked, he sang happily. 他一边走一边高兴地唱着歌。

　　While I was reading, he came in. 我正在看书时他进来了。

　　(4)till和until都表示“直到……为止”，主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式;表示“直到……才”时，主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。

　　Go straight on until you come to the post office and then turn left. 一直向前走到邮局再向左转。

　　She won’t go away till you promise to help her. 在你答应帮助她之前，她不会走的。

　　Until you told me, I had heard nothing of when happened.

　　直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。

　　(5)since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。

　　Great changes have taken place since our home town was liberated. 我们家乡自从解放以来发生了很大变化。

　　It is (has been)five years since the man died. 那人已死五年了。

　　2.条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句由if(如果)，as long as(只要)等引导。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。

　　I’ll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I’m free. 如果我有空，下午就和你一起去看电影。

　　As long as I live, I shall work hard. 只要我活着，我就要拼命工作。

　　3.原因状语从句

　　原因状语从句由because(因为)，as(由于)，since(既然，由于)等引导。

　　The students went to farm because the farmers needed some help学生都去农场了，因为农民需要帮忙。

　　Since you ask, I will tell you.既然你问，我就告诉你。

　　As you are tired, you’d better rest.你已疲倦，最好休息一下。

　　[特别提醒] because(因为)不能和so(所以)用在同一个句子中。

　　4.结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句一般由so...that(如此……以至……)，such...that(如此……以至……)等引导。从句常用can, could等情态动词。

　　His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏，他必须刷一下。

　　The suit cost so much that he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵，他没有买。

　　He became so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气愤得说不出话来。

　　It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这只箱子这么重，没有人能搬得动。

　　[特别提醒] so...that与such…that的区别是so后跟形容词或副词，such后跟名词。

　　The story is so interesting that everybody likes reading it.这个故事非常有趣，人人都喜欢读。

　　It’s such an interesting story that everybody likes reading it.这样有趣的故事人人都喜欢读。

　　含so...that引导的状语从句如果是否定意义，可以变为 too...to结构的简单句。

　　The child is so young that he can’t go to school.→The child is too young to go to school.

　　4.目的状语从句

　　目的状语从句常由so that(为了，以便)，in order that等引导，放在主句之后，从句中常用can, could, may, might等动词，in order that引导的从句可以放在主句前。

　　If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.如果你的确知道(答案)，就用足够大的声音来回答，以便全班同学都能听得见。

　　We stopped at Hangzhou so that we might go to the West Lake.

　　我们在杭州小,以便能去看看西湖。

　　so that引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。

　　She hurried to school so that she might not be late. = She hurried to school (in order ) not to be late. 她急急忙忙去上学，为了不迟到。

　　I posted the letter today in order that you could get it tomorrow.

　　为了使你明天能收到这封信，我今天去寄过了。

　　In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.

　　为了使每个学生都能理解，老师一遍又一遍地讲解那一段。

　　6.让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句由although, though(虽然，尽管)，as(虽然，尽管)等引导。

　　Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily. 尽管雨下得很大，王大夫仍去了医院。

　　Although I am tired, I must go on working. 我虽然累了，但必须继续干。

　　As引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序，倒装的成分常是形容词、名词、分词、副词、或动词。若倒装的是单数名词时，其前不加冠词。

　　Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well. 虽然他很聪明，但学习成绩不好。

　　Rich as he is, he is not happy. 他虽富有，但不快乐。

　　[注意]although/though (虽然) 不能与but (但是) 同用在一个句中，两者只能用其一。

　　7.比较状语从句

　　比较状语从句由that(比)，as...as(和……一样)，not as/so...as(和……不一样)等连词引导。

　　I know you better than he does. 我比他了解你。

　　This story is as interesting as that one (is). 这个故事和那个故事一样有趣。

　　He isn’t as old as he looks. 他实际上不像看上去这样老。

　　二、宾语从句

　　(一)宾语从句的引导词

　　1.that，无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略，引导的是陈述句。

　　I hear (that) he’ll be back in a month. 我听说他一个月后回来。

　　He said (that)it was very cold in Moscow. 他说莫斯科非常冷。

　　He is afraid (that) Jim will forget his Chinese. 他担心吉姆会把汉语忘了。

　　2.whether/if(是否)

　　Lily asked if/whether they had a dark blue one. 莉莉问他们有没有深蓝色的。

　　She asked Lucy if she could go and get some. 她问露西能否去买一些来。

　　Whether和if引导宾语从句时，可以互换使用。

　　I don’t know whether/if she will be able to come. 我不知道她是否能来。

　　在"be + 形容词"之后，用whether或if均可。

　　I was not sure whether/if he would come. 我没有把握他会不会来。

　　[特别提醒] 在下列情况下则只能用whether，不能用if。

　　(1)引导表语从句或同位语从句，

　　The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是那部电影是否值得看。

　　(2)在句首引导主语从句

　　Whether we go or not matters little. 我们去不去没有什么关系。

　　(3)whether后可以直接跟不定式，if则不能。

　　He does not know whether to work or play. 他不知道工作好呢，还是玩好呢？

　　(4)在介词之后只能用whether,不能用if。

　　I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这项计划。

　　(5)whether后面能紧跟or not, if则不能。

　　Whether or not it rains, I’m going to have a party tomorrow. 不管下雨不下雨，明天我都要举行宴会。

　　Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick and his wife. 告诉我，我应不应该邀请尼克夫妇。

　　3.Who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, how, why等引导宾语从句须用陈述语序。

　　He asked what size dress you wore. 他问你穿多大尺码的衣服。

　　He asked where I came from. 他问我是哪里人。

　　I don’t know when the meeting will begin. 我不知道会议什么时候开。

　　(二)宾语从句的时态

　　1.当主句是一般现在时，则宾语从句可以根据实际需要用各种时态。

　　he will ask Mr Hu to give Jim some work.

　　He says that Jim isn’t lazy.

　　Jim is doing very well in his lessons.

　　Jim may fall behind the other students.

　　3.如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去时的某种形式。

　　(1)如果宾语从句的动作和主句动作紧接发生，则从句用一般过去时，

　　She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。

　　He said that there wasn’t time to go to the center of the city.他说没有时间去市中心。

　　(2)如果宾语从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句用过去进行时。

　　He said that he was working hard on his Chinese. 他说他在努力学习汉语。

　　She told me she was writing a letter. 她告诉我说她在写一封信。

　　(3)如果宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，则宾语从句用过去完成时。

　　He said that he had bought one yet. 他说他已经买了一个。

　　She asked if I had been to England. 她问我是否去过英国。

　　(4)如果宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之后，则宾语从句用过去将来时。

　　Betty said she would visit her uncle next Saturday. 贝蒂说她下周将去看望她叔叔。

　　He said there would be concert that evening. 他说晚上有音乐会。

　　(5)如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。

　　He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声传播得快。

　　He said that the sun is bigger than the earth. 他说太阳比地球大。

　　(三)宾语从句的语序——陈述语序

　　1. Whether或if引导的宾语从句须用陈述语序。

　　He asked whether they needed some more tea. 他问他们是否需要更多的茶。

　　I wasn’t sure if he would come. 他会不会来，我没有把握。

　　一般疑问句变为宾语从句时由whether或if引导，须注意语序变化。

　　Will Tom be back soon? Could you tell us? →

　　Could you tell us if(whether)Tom will be back soon?

　　2. 连接代词what, which, who, whose等和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句须用陈述语序。

　　I don’t know where he lives.(误：I don’t know where does he live.)

　　三、定语从句

　　由关系代词引导的定语从句

　　that在从句中作主语或宾语

　　A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)

　　The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(指物，作宾语)

　　Who is the man that is reading the book over there?(指人，作主语)

　　The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. (指人，作宾语)

　　which在从句中作主语或宾语

　　The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well.(指物，作主语)

　　The songs which the Beatles sang were wery popular.(指物，作宾语)

　　who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语

　　The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.(指人，作主语)

　　The boy who broke the window is called Roy.(指人，作主语)

　　The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.(指人，作宾语)

　　Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write.(指人，作宾语)

　　直击中考

　　1. How did you try to get to school on time ______ you missed the school bus? (2003江西)

　　A. when B. if C. once D. that

　　[点拨] 答案是A。 此题考查when (当……时候)引导时间状语从句的用法。“当你没有赶上校车的时候你是怎样设法准时到校的？” 注意：when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词常用终止性动词；while (当……时候)引导时间状语从句的谓语动词常用延续性动词，并多用进行时态。

　　2. —Is David at school today? (2003兰州)

　　—No, he is at home______ he has a bad cold.

　　A. because B. if C. though D. until

　　[点拨] 答案是A。 此题考查because (因为)引导原因状语从句的用法。“他在家里因为他患了重感冒”。从句和主句是因果关系。四个选项because (因为)引导原因状语从句；if (如果)引导条件状语从句；though (虽然；尽管)表示让步关系；until(直到……才)引导时间状语从句。

　　3. The poor man ate a big breakfast ______ he said he wasn’t hungry. (2003广州)

　　A. sinceB. becauseC. thoughD. for

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 though引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。since可引导原因状语从句(既然；由于)或时间状语从句(自从……以来)；because用来引导原因状语从句；for可用来说明理由。

　　4. The mountain was ______ steep ______ few people in our city reached the top. (2003吉林)

　　A. so; asB. so; that C. as; as D. too; to

　　[点拨] 答案是B。 so...that...引导结果状语从句。“那座山非常陡峭，我们市没有几个人能够到达顶峰”。so...as; as...as之间用原级，表示“两者程度(不)相同”，表示对比；too...to结构意为“太……不能”，to后跟不定式，不能跟从句。

　　5. She will have a holiday as soon as she ______ the work next week. (2003北京西城区)

　　A. finishesB. doesn’t finishC. will finish D. won’t finish

　　[点拨] 答案是A。 在含有as soon as, until, when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意义，则从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

　　6. —I won’t come to the party unless Sue ______, too. (2003江西)

　　—You mean if Sue comes you’ll come?

　　A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited

　　[点拨] 答案是B。此题考查unless引导条件状语从句的时态。在含有 if, unless, so long as, in case 等引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，当主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意义时，条件状语从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

　　7. —Do you know ______ I could pass the exam? (2003山西)

　　—Sorry, I’ve no idea.

　　A. thatB. weatherC. whatD. which

　　[点拨] 答案是B。 题意是“你直到我能否通过这次考试吗？”whether(是否)引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句，从句语序须用陈述语序。that, what, which在句中均讲不通。

　　8. —I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ______ it will arrive? (2003杭州)

　　—Usually it comes by 4:00.

　　A. howB. whereC. whenD. what

　　[点拨] 答案是A。 how, where, when, what都可作连接副词或连接代词引导宾语从句，并作从句的状语等。根据答语Usually it comes by 4:00.(通常4点前到)可知，宾语从句应由when引导，并作从句的时间状语。

　　9. I’d like to know ______ or not. (2003广东)

　　A. whether will he come B. whether has he come

　　C. whether he will come D. that he will come

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 此题考查宾语从句的语序问题。以whether, if以及连接代词what, who(whom),whose, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句应用陈述语序，即“whether/if/what/which.../where/when...+主语+谓语+……”，而不能受疑问句的影响而用疑问语序。

　　10. They asked me ______ during the May Day holidays. (2003青海)

　　A. where had I gone B. where I had been

　　C. where had I been D. where I had gone

　　[点拨] 答案是B。 “他们问我五一长假去过什么地方”。此题考查宾语从句与主句时态一致性问题。当主句谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词须是过去时态的某一种。如果主句谓语动词所表示的动作和宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，则宾语从句谓语动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。如果宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则宾语从句用过去完成时。 此题易误选D。have gone to表示“去某地了”，现在不在说话地点。

　　11. She didn’t tell us ______. (2003桂林)

　　A. how old the patient is B. how old was the patient

　　C. how old the patient was D. how old is the patient

　　[点拨] 答案是C。考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可首先排除B, D两项。由于主句是一般过去时，根据时态一致性原则，宾语从句也应用过去时，故排除A。

　　12. —Could you let me know ______ yesterday? (2003北京西城区)

　　—Because the traffic was heavy .

　　A. why did you come lateB. why you came late

　　C. why do you come lateD. why you come late

　　[点拨] 答案是B。考查宾语从句的时态和语序。首先可排除A, C两项，因为这两项是疑问句语序，宾语从句需用陈述语序。尽管主句是一般现在时，但从其时间状语yesterday以及答语Because the traffic was heavy不难判断出宾语从句应为一般过去时。

　　13. In the street I met the scientist ______ gave us a talk last week. (2003贵阳)

　　A. he B. which C. who D. what

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 which和who都可作关系代词引导定语从句。当定语从句所修饰的先行词是事物，关系代词用which; 定语从句所修饰的先行词是人，关系代词用who。that作关系代词即可指人，也可指物。关系代词作定语从句的宾语时可以省略。

　　14. George Mallory was an English school teacher ______ loved climbing. (2003杭州)

　　A. who B. whomC. he D. which

　　[点拨] 答案是A。考查关系代词的用法。定语从句要由关系代词引导，首先排除C项；先行词teacher是指“人”的名词，which用来指“物”，故D项也要被排除；根据定语从句loved climbing可知，关系代词在从句中作主语，whom是作宾语的，故又被排除，剩下A项是正确答案，who作从句主语。

　　15. That’s the only thing ______ can’t be forgotten in my life. (2003兰州)

　　A. that B. which C. who D. /

　　[点拨] 答案是A。先行词thing(事情)，指“事物”，who是指“人”的，要首先被排除；从句本身缺少主语，关系代词不可省略，故又可排除D。that和which都可用来指“事物”，该用哪一个呢？当先行词被the very, the only, the same, all, no, any, every, little, much或形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时，关系代词只用that而不用which。

　　专项训练

　　1. He hurt her ______ badly ______ she had to see a doctor.

　　A. too; thatB. so; thatC. either; orD. too; to

　　2. He’s good at volleyball ______ he isn’t tall enough.

　　A. because B. after C. though D. since

　　3. ______ she was not well, I decided to go without her.

　　A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of

　　4. Tom stayed at home yesterday ______ he had a bad cold.

　　A. because B. if C. though D. before

　　5. Joan didn’t know anything about it ______ Mrs Brown told her.

　　A. after B. until C. if D. because

　　6. We will visit the Great Wall ______ it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

　　A. untilB. beforeC. asD. if

　　7. Tom stayed at home yesterday ______ he had a bad cold.

　　A. because B. if C. though D. before

　　8. Joan didn’t know anything about it ______ Mrs Brown told her.

　　A. after B. until C. if D. because

　　9. Please answer in a loud enough voice ______ all the class may hear.

　　A. when B. so that C. though D. because

　　10. I’ll work ______ I can.

　　A. so hardly as B. so hard asC. as hardly as D. as hard as

　　11. She said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.

　　A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what

　　12. —I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ______ it will arrive?

　　—Usually it comes by 4:00.

　　A. howB. whereC. whenD. what

　　13. —Do you know ______ I could pass the exam?

　　—Sorry, I’ve no idea.

　　A. thatB. weatherC. whatD. which

　　14. —We don’t know ______ he is.

　　—They say he is much better these days.

　　A. whatB. whoC. howD. where

　　15. The man asked me if I ______ him the way to the bus stop.

　　A. can tell B. could tellC. will tell D. tell

　　16. He told me that he ______ a cold for three days.

　　A. has B. had caughtC. had had D.has has

　　17. They wondered if their teacher ______ them another story the next week.

　　A. would tell B. had toldC. will tell D. told

　　18. Could you tell me ______ yesterday?

　　A. what they do B. what they didC. what do they do D. what did they do

　　19. I knew that the sun ______ in the east when I was a child.

　　A.will riseB. roseC. riseD. rises

　　20. Could you tell me ______?

　　A. where is the station B. where the station is

　　C. is where the station D. the station is where

　　21. The foreigner ______ visited our school is from Canada.

　　A. which B. who C. whoseD. whom

　　22. This is the very watch ______ I have been looking for.

　　A. which B. that C. who D. whom

　　23. The coat, ______ I paid 40 dollars, was lost.

　　A. which B. that C. for which D. to which

　　24. The doctor ______ is leaving for Africa next month.

　　A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking

　　C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking

　　25. In the dark street there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.

　　A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

　　26. All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.

　　A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

　　27. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

　　A. these B. those C. that D. which

　　28. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.

　　A. which B. where C. that D. when

　　29. Take care of the boy and the dog ______ are crossing the street.

　　A. which B. who C. that D. whom

　　30. Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.

　　A. which B. what C. whatever D. that

　　答案与解析

　　1. B. so...that引导结果状语从句，根据题意判断。“他把她伤得太重了，她不得不去看医生”。

　　2. C. though引导让步状语从句。根据题意判断。“虽然他个子不够高，但是他排球打得好。”

　　3. B. 此题考查as(由于)引导原因状语从句的用法。要根据主句和从句的逻辑关系来确立关联词。此题从句意思是“她身体不好”，主句意思是“我决定独自去”，从句和主句是因果关系。though (虽然; 尽管)表示转折关系; when (当……时候)表示时间; because of (因为)表示原因，后跟名词，不能接从句，故只有B是正确答案。

　　4. A. 此题考查because (因为)引导原因状语从句的用法。“汤姆昨天呆在家里因为他患了重感冒。”从句和主句是因果关系。四个选项because (因为)引导原因状语从句; if (如果)引导条件状语从句; though (虽然)表示转折关系; before (在……之前)引导时间状语从句。

　　5. B. 此题考查until引导时间状语从句的用法。主句意思是“琼不知道任何情况”，从句意思“…… 布朗夫人告诉她”，即“在布朗夫人告诉琼之前她不知道任何情况”。在否定句中，until 表示“在……之前”，“直到……才”。又如I won’t believe you until I see with my own eyes.“我直到亲眼看见才会相信你的话”。在肯定句中until 的意思是“直到……为止”，如I’ll wait until the rain stops.“我要一直等到雨停”。

　　6. D. if引导条件状语从句。根据句子意思判断。试想“明天不下雨”和“我们将去长城”有什么关系？“如果明天不下雨我们就去长城”。

　　7. A. 此题考查because (因为)引导原因状语从句的用法。“汤姆昨天呆在家里因为他患了重感冒。”从句和主句是因果关系。四个选项because (因为)引导原因状语从句; if (如果)引导条件状语从句; though(虽然)表示转折关系; before (在……之前)引导时间状语从句。

　　8. B. 此题考查until引导时间状语从句的用法。主句意思是“琼不知道任何情况”，从句意思“…… 布朗夫人告诉她”，即“在布朗夫人告诉琼之前她不知道任何情况”。在否定句中，until 表示“在……之前”，“直到……才”。

　　9. B. 此题考查so that(为了)引导目的状语从句的用法。主句意思是“请用足够大的声音回答”，从句意思是“全班都能够听到”，分析主从句关系，分别将选项when (当……时候)，so that (为了)，though (虽然)，because (因为)代入验证，只有so that符合句义。

　　10. D. 此题考查as (像……一样)引导比较状语从句的用法。“我将尽力工作”。as+原级+ as (像……一样)，hardly (几乎不)，hard (努力地)，故C不对。

　　11. A. 此题考查引导宾语从句的引导词用法。where, which, what引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，并充当从句的某一成分。从整个宾语从句看，并不缺少句子成分。that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句，口语中可省略，没有词义，不作从句的任何成分，只起引导作用。

　　12. C. how, where, when, what都可作连接副词或连接代词引导宾语从句，并作从句的状语等。根据答语Usually it comes by 4:00.(通常4点前到)可知，宾语从句应由when引导，并作从句的时间状语。

　　13. B. whether (是否) 引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句，从句语序须用陈述语序。that, what, which在句中均讲不通。

　　14. C. 由答句“他们说他这些天好多了”可知，问句谈的是他的“身体健康情况”，故只能选C。遇到这种题要根据语境及上下文关系反复推敲。

　　15. B. 此题考查宾语从句与主句的时态一致问题，即主句谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词须是过去时态的某一种。如果主句谓语动词所表示的动作和宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，则宾语从句谓语动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。

　　16. C. 宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则宾语从句用过去完成时。此题易误选B。catch是终止性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for three days 连用。have 是持续性动词，故选C。

　　17. A. 宾语从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，宾语从句用过去将来时。

　　18. B. 宾语从句中有明确表示过去时间的状语，则从句通常用一般过去时。

　　19. D. 当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象以及格言谚语等的时候，宾语从句的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。

　　20. B. 此题考查宾语从句的语序问题。以连接代词what, who(m),whose, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句应用陈述语序，即“连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+……”，而不应用疑问语序。

　　21. B. 先行词是人，关系代词可用who或that。

　　22. B. 先行词被the very, the only修饰时，关系代词用that。

　　23. A. which引导非限制性定语从句，句子主干是The coat was lost. pay for(付……款)是固定词组，整个句子意思是“我花40元买的那件大衣丢了”。

　　24. C. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，此处的whom被省略了。注意，此题易误选B，该项错误在于talking后缺少介词to。

　　25. D. turn to for help意为“求助于……”，这里介词to提到关系代词whom的前面。

　　26. B. 当all, any, anything, everything, a few以及the only one等作先行词时，关系代词常用that，而不用which。但是，当all, any和a few指人时，关系代词要用who。

　　27. D. many of which, most of which引导定语从句，表示“……中的许多/大部分”，此处which指代ten windows，即“十个窗户中的大多数至少有一年没有擦了”。 在非限制性定语从句中，a few / several / some / any / many / much / most / all / none / half / a quarter + of可以放在whom, which之前表示“数量”。

　　28. B. 先行词是表示“地点”的名词时，定语从句用where引导，并在从句中作地点状语。

　　29. C. 先行词是指人和物的两个名词时，关系代词用that。

　　30. A. 先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all等不定代词时，关系代词要用that, 而不用which。