考点透视

　　短语动词和词语辨析是中考单项选择题常考的知识点。

　　短语动词有下列几种类型：

　　1.动词+介词

　　come along来; 随同fall behind落在(……)后面; 输给别人

　　get off下(车)get on上车

　　get on上(车)get on well with与……相处融洽

　　get to到达get... back退还……; 送回去; 取回

　　laugh at嘲笑learn from向……学习

　　look after照顾; 照看look at看; 观看

　　look like看起来像look over(仔细)检查

　　look the same看起来很像look up向上看; 抬头看

　　put off推迟; 拖延put on穿上; 戴上

　　put on上演; 放(唱片等)put up挂起; 举起

　　2.动词+副词

　　come over 过来; 顺便来访come down下来

　　come out 出来；出现; (花)开come in进来; 进入

　　get back回来; 取回get down下来; 落下

　　get together相聚get up起床

　　look out留神; 注意put away把……收起来(放好)

　　3.动词+副词+介词

　　come up with找到; 提出

　　do well in在……方面干得好

　　4.be+形容词+介词

　　be afraid of 害怕be amazed at对……感到惊讶

　　be angry with对(某人)发脾气be awake醒着的

　　be excited about对……感受到兴奋be famous for因……而有名的

　　be fed up with厌倦be filled with用……充满

　　be full (of)充满……的be good at 善于

　　be interested in 对……感兴趣be late for迟到

　　be/get lost迷失(道路)be made in在……生产或制造

　　be made of由……组成; 由……构成be pleased with对……感受到满意

　　be proud of 以……自豪be used for用于

　　直击中考

　　1. The radio is too loud. Please______.

　　A. turn it down B. turn down it C. turn it up(2003四川)

　　[点拨] 答案是A。此题考查由动词+副词构成的短语动词的用法。由动词+副词构成的短语动词，如果宾语是名词，则放在该副词之后或之前均可。如果宾语是代词宾格，则必须放在动词与副词之间。又，turn up意思是“开大(音量)；出现”，与题意不符。

　　2. After finishing your paper, look it over to ______ there are no mistakes. (2003黑龙江)

　　A. find out B. try out C. make sure D. think about

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 make sure(确定)；find out(发现)；try out(尝试)；think about(考虑)。由句意判断，“做完试卷后要仔细检查，以确定无误。”

　　3. Mrs Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home. (2003北京)

　　A. look atB. look forC. look likeD. look after

　　[点拨] 答案是D。 此题考查短语动词用法辨析。look at意为“看……”；look for意为“寻找”；look like意为“看起来像”；look after意为“照看；照顾”。解答此类题的方法是，先辨别每个短语的意思，然后代入句中检验。符合句意即是正确答案。

　　4. Tom, please help me ______ the picture on the wall. (2003河北)

　　A. put upB. put onC. put offD. put into

　　[点拨] 答案是A。 此题考查动词put与介词构成的短语动词的用法辨析。put up...on(张贴；悬挂)；put on(穿上)；put off(推迟)；put into(把……放进……里)。

　　5. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you ______ me? (2003济南)

　　A. play withB. hear ofC. agree withD. get on well with

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 短语动词用法辨析题。agree with(同意)；get on well with(与……相处融洽)；play with(玩……)；hear of(听说)。

　　6. I bought a new dictionary and it _______ me 30 yuan. (2003天津)

　　A. paidB. spentC. tookD. cost

　　[点拨] 答案是D。 此题考查有关“花费(金钱)”的动词用法辨析。pay意为“付……款”，常与介词for连用；spend作“花费”解的常用结构是spend.…on.…；cost作“花费”解的常用结构是...cost sb. some money“某物花费某人多少钱”。take一般作“花费(时间)”做某事解。

　　7. They will ______ Guangzhou tonight. (2003哈尔滨)

　　A. arriveB. get C. reachD. go

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 arrive, reach和get都可作“到达某地”解。其用法区别是，reach是及物动词，直接跟表示地点的名词；arrive是不及物动词，后跟介词in/at分别表示到达大地方和小地点；get作“到达”解时须与介词to连用。通常意义的“到达”，即不接宾语，用arrive。

　　8. You can ______ what is happening in the world by the Internet. (2003河南)

　　A. touchB. makeC. hearD. learn

　　[点拨] 答案是D。此题考查touch, make, hear, learn等常用动词的用法辨析。 根据句子意思判断。此处learn作“获悉”解，而非“学习”之意。

　　9. After the game they ______ the last bus, so they had to take a taxi.(2003黑龙江)

　　A. tookB. caughtC. sawD. missed

　　[点拨] 答案是D。take a bus/taxi意为“乘公共汽车/出租车”；catch a bus意为“赶上公共汽车”；miss意为“错过；没赶上”。由had to take a taxi(不得不乘坐出租车)判断，他们比赛后错过了末班车。

　　10. —How long can I ______ the books? (2003甘肃)

　　—Two weeks.

　　A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

　　[点拨] 答案是D。 此题考查英语中表示“借”的动词用法辨析。borrow意为“向某人借某物”，常与介词from搭配；lend意为“把某物借给某人”，常与介词to搭配，构成lend sth. to sb.结构；keep本意为“保存”，可引申为“借阅”；get意为“得到”。borrow, lend, get均为终止性动词，在完成时态中太不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

　　专项训练

　　1. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please ______.

　　A. turn it over B. turn it onC. turn it backD. turn it down

　　2. —Where can we get a football?

　　—Let’s ______.

　　A. lend Jim oneB. lend one to JimC. borrow one from JimD. borrow one of Jim

　　3. The young man broke his arm in the accident and had to ______ his job.

　　A. send upB. put upC. give upD. get up

　　4. Again and again the doctor______ the crying girl, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her.

　　A. looked overB. looked afterC. looked forD. looked out

　　5. —______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.

　　—OK, Mom.

　　A. Put upB. Put onC. Put downD. Put away

　　6. —Where’s Mr Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.

　　—You ______ find him. He ______ Japan.

　　A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to

　　C. can’t; has gone toD. can’ t; has been to

　　7. —May I ______ your Chinese-English dictionary?

　　—Sony, I______ it at home.

　　A. borrow; forgot B. lend; left C. lend; forgot D. borrow; left

　　8. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he ______ him.

　　A. went overB. fell behindC. put offD. dropped off

　　9. Our foreign teacher will go back for Christmas. We will go and ______ her at the airport tomorrow.

　　A. say hello toB. say sorry toC. say goodbye toD. say excuse to

　　10. I have to go now. Please remember to ______ the lights when you leave.

　　A. turn offB. turn downC. turn upD. turn on

　　11. Could you tell me something more about Hong Kong? I’m ______going there for a holiday soon.

　　A. looking upB. thinking aboutC. trying out D. finding out

　　12. After years of hard work, his dream ______ in the end.

　　A. came out B. came true C. came over D. came up

　　13. Don’t ______ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch cold in spring.

　　A. take away B. take offC. take downD. take out

　　14. It’s getting warmer and warmer. The flowers start to ______.

　　A. come inB. come over C. come outD. come on

　　15. Please ______ a coat with you when you go out.

　　A. bringB. putC. getD. take

　　16. Soon Wu Dong ______ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.

　　A. taughtB. caught C. boughtD. brought

　　17. Cotton ______ nice and soft.

　　A .is feltB. is feelingC. feelD. feels

　　18. —Will you please tell John to come to my office?

　　—______.

　　A. Yes, I doB. I’ll be gladC. Thank youD. I’ll be glad to

　　19. The car ______ and stopped at the red traffic light.

　　A. got onB. got offC. slowed downD. picked up

　　20. —How do you go to work every day?

　　—I ______ on my bicycle.

　　A. rideB. driveC. takeD. walk

　　21. —Whose CD player is this?

　　—It’s mine. It ______ me 800 yuan.

　　A. tookB. spentC. paidD. cost

　　22. ______ ! It’s the music of Mozart. Be quiet.

　　A. HearB. SoundC. SingD. Listen

　　23. It’s a lovely dress but it’s too expensive. I can’t ______ it.

　　A. spend B. pay C. afford D. cost

　　24. My friend ______ lots of time searching the Internet.

　　A. took B. cost C. paid D. spent

　　25. If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ______their name and address.

　　A. copyB. write C. take D. leave

　　26. It will ______ about half an hour to get to the park by bus.

　　A. spend B. cost C. want D. take

　　27. The Internet ______ it easy to get much new information in a short time.

　　A. findsB. makesC. feelsD. takes

　　28. —Do you like the music the moonlight Sonata?

　　—Yes, it ______ really beautiful.

　　A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears

　　29. —______! The traffic is moving fast!

　　—Thanks, I will.

　　A. Stop B. Look out C. Watch D. Don’t move

　　30. Alice, we are going to spend our holiday in Canada, if you ______, we can go to China instead.

　　A. hope B. wish C. prefer D. agree

　　31. —I’ve got a new dictionary.

　　—How much did you ______ it?

　　A. buy B. spend C. pay for D. cost

　　32. —Do you mind if I ______ the TV a bit?

　　—Yes, I do, because I’m busy with my homework now.

　　A. turn onB. turn upC. turn downD. turn off

　　33. Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some?

　　A. looksB. smellsC. soundsD. feels

　　34. I’m sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School.

　　A. winB. failC. lose D. beat

　　35. —Can you ______ me your dictionary?

　　—Sorry, I’m using it.

　　A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return

　　答案与解析

　　1. D. turn down(关小)；turn ...over(把……翻过来)。

　　2. C. borrow sth. from sb.(向某人借某物)。

　　3. C. give up(放弃)；send up(发送)；put up(举起)；get up(起床)。

　　4. A. look over(仔细检查)；look after(照看；照顾)；look for(寻找)；look out(当心；向外看)。

　　5. D. put away(把……收起来放好)；put up(挂起；举起)；put on(上演；穿上)；put down(把……放下来)。

　　6. C. 根据上下文判断。“你不可能找到他。他去日本了”。情态动词can表示“可能性”；注意has gone to与has been to的区别。

　　7. D. borrow sb. sth.等于borrow sth. from sb.(向某人借某物)。leave表示“遗忘；遗留”。

　　8. B. fall behind(落后)；go over(走过去；复习)；put off(推迟；拖延)。

　　9. C. 词义辨析题。say hello to sb.(向某人问候)；say sorry to(向某人道歉)；say goodbye to(向某人告别；告辞)。

　　10. A. turn off(关掉)；turn down(把声音等关小)；turn up(开大)；turn on(打开)。题意是“记住离开的时候关灯”。

　　11. B. 题意是“我们正在考虑将去哪里度假”。think about(考虑)，about是介词，后跟名词或动词-ing形式。A、C、D三项中的out是副词，无此用法。

　　12. B. “多年的努力工作，她的梦想终于实现”。come true(实现)；come out(出来；花开)；come over(过来)。

　　13. B. 词义辨析题。take off(脱下；取下)；take away(拿走)；take down(取下)；take out(取出)。

　　14. C. come out(出来；花开)；come in(进来)；come over(过来)；come on(过来；赶快)。

　　15. D. 由go out(出去)判断是将coat(大衣)带走。bring表示从别处“带来”。

　　16. B. catch up with(赶上)。

　　17. D. feel作连系动词，后跟形容词作表语。

　　18. D. 简略答语中不定式符号to不能省略。

　　19. C. slow作动词，意为“慢下来；减速”。

　　20. A. ride(骑自行车；骑马)；drive意为“开车”，常与介词to搭配表示“开车去某地”。

　　21. D. cost表示“某物花费了某人多少钱”；spend表示“花费”时常用spend...(on)doing结构。

　　22. D. listen强调“听”的动作；hear 强调“听”的结果，意为“听见”；sound意思是“听起来”。

　　23. C. afford意为“供应得起；付得起……款”。

　　24. D. “某人花费时间做某事”有spend.…(on)doing sth.和It takes sb. some time to do sth.两种常用句型。

　　25. D. leave有“留下”的意思。因为是打电话(If anyone calls)，故不可能copy或write姓名和地址。

　　26. D. It takes sb. some time to do sth.(某人花费多少时间做某事)是固定句型。此题用的是一般将来时。

　　27. B. make + sth. + adj.表示“使……怎么样”。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to get much new information in a short time.题意是“互联网使在短时间内获得大量新的信息容易了”。

　　28. B. sound意为“听起来”，意思是“月光曲听起来优美动听”。

　　29. B. look out意为“注意；当心”。由The traffic is moving fast.判断。

　　30. C. prefer(更喜欢；宁愿)；hope(希望)；wish(但愿)；agree(同意)。题意是“艾丽斯，我们去加拿大度假。如果你喜欢的话，我们可以去中国”。

　　31. C. pay for(付……款)。题意是“你买这本辞典付多少钱？”

　　32. B. 此题易误选A。前句末的a bit是关键词。题意是“我把电视机开大点声你介意吗？”“是的。我正忙着作家庭作业”。turn on意为“打开”；turn down(关小)；turn off(关闭)。

　　33. B. “它(咖啡)闻起来真香！”look(看起来)；sound(听起来)；feel(感觉)。作连系动词后跟形容词作表语。

　　34. B. beat(击败)，指打败对手；win(赢；获胜)，指在比赛、竞赛中获胜；fail(失败)；lose(失去；输)。

　　35. B. lend sb. sth.意为“把某物借给某人”。相当于lend sth. to sb.；borrow表示“向某人借”，常用borrow sth. from sb. 搭配。