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第十二节 主谓一致
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/17 15:40  新浪教育

  考点透视

  一、下列情况下,主语是复数形式,而谓语动词却用单数形式。

  1.国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语,即使形式上是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。

  The Unite States is the second largest country in the world. 美国是世界上第二大国。

  Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。

  The United Nations was founded in 1945. 联合国成立于1945年。

  2.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

  Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是很长的时间。

  Fifty kilometres is a long way. 五十千米是一段长路程。

  3.以-s结尾的名词,如news, works, maths, plastics及以-ics结尾的学科名称名词,如physics, politics等作主语,谓语动词须用单数。

  The news was very exciting. 消息激动人心。

  I hear physics isn’t easy. 我听说物理不容易学。

  4.“one and a half +复数名数”作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  One and a half days is all I can spare.

  5.“The number of + 复数名词”作主语,表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数。

  The number of deer, mountain lions, and wild roses does not change much if people leave things as they are. 如果人们任其发展,鹿、美洲狮和野玫瑰的数量就不会有多大变化。

  但是 “A number of + 复数名词”作主语,表示“许多……”,谓语动词用复数。

  A great number of birds fly to the south in winter.冬季许多鸟飞向南方。

  6.trousers(裤子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼睛),compasses(圆规),chopsticks(筷子)scissors(剪刀)等作主语,谓语动词需用复数。但是,当trousers, glasses, compasses, chopsticks, scissors前有a pair of短语时,谓语动词则要用单数。

  —What colour are Jim’s trousers?

  —They’re brown.

  但是,当trousers, glasses, compasses, chopsticks前有a pair of短语时,谓语动词则要用单数。

  This pair of glasses is Mr Green’s. 这副眼镜是格林先生的。

  7. everyone, everybody. nobody, somebody, anything, nothing等复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

  Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗?

  Something is wrong with that boy? 那孩子有毛病。

  8. 动名词、不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

  9. 表示“……加(减、乘、除)……等于……”结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

  99 and 2 is 101. 九十九加上二等于一百零一。

  Two times four is eight. 二乘以四等于八。

  10. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语,虽然表示复数意义,但因中心词是单数,谓语动词仍用单数形式。

  Many a student has passed the exam. 许多同学通过了这次考试。

  11.主语前有each修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

  Each student has got an English-Chinese dictionary. 每个学生都有一本英汉词典。

  但是,当each位于主语后或句末作同位语时,则不影响谓语动词的数。

  The children each have an apple. = The children have an apple each.

  12.引用的词或句子在形式和意义上可能都是复数,但放在引号内被看作一个整体,作主语时谓语动词要用单数。

  “You” is a pronoun.“你”是代词。

  “Books” is the plural of “book”. Books是book的复数形式。

  二、下列情况下,主语是单数形式,而谓语动词却用复数形式。

  1.police(警察),people(人们)等形式上是单数,但通常被用作复数意义,谓语动词要用复数。

  The police are searching the hill for the spies. 警察在山上搜捕间谍。

  In England, people eat fish and chips. 在英国,人们吃油煎鱼加炸土豆片。

  但是,people作“民族”讲时,谓语动词用单数。

  The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是个伟大的民族。

  2. English, Chinese, Japanese等与the连用时表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数。

  The Chinese are kind and friendly.中国人善良友爱。

  3. old, young, poor, rich等形容词与the连用,表示一类人,意义是复数,谓语动词用复数。

  The old are taken good care of. 老人得照顾好。

  4. 用and连接的名词作主语,指两个人或物时,谓语动词用复数; 指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数。

  The worker and the writer have come to the meeting. 那位工人和那位作家来参加会议了。

  The worker and writer comes from a small village. 这位工人兼作家出生于一个小村庄。

  但是,由and连接的两个单数名词前如有every, each, many a或no等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

  Every boy and every girl wants to help the farmers pick apples, 每个男孩和每个女孩都想去帮助农民摘苹果。

  5. family(家庭),class(班级),group(组),team(队),enemy(敌人)等集体名词作主语时,如强调整体,谓语动词用复数,若强调个体,谓语动词用单数。

  The whole family’s going for two months.全家人要去两个月。

  三、邻近一致。

  邻近一致原则指当主语是两个或两个以上的并列名词或代词时,谓语动词的数要与最邻近的名词或代词的数保持一致。

  1.由neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, or等并列连词连接的并列主语,谓语动词在数上与最邻近的主语保持一致。

  Neither I nor Jack has read this book. (=Neither Jack nor I have read this book.)我和杰克都没有看过这本书。

  Are either you or he going home? 你回家呢,还是他回家呢?

  Not only my brother but also I am going there. 不但我弟弟想去那里,我也想去那里。

  2. There be结构或Here be结构后面是并列主语,谓语动词be在数上应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

  There is a book and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支铅笔。

  There are ten chairs and a table in the house. 屋里有十把椅子和一张桌子。

  [注意]由as well as, with, together with, but, except等构成的短语不作主语,故不影响主语的人称和数,谓语的数取决于前面的主语。

  Mr Hu together with his friends goes shopping every Sunday.每个星期天胡先生都和他的朋友一起去买东西。

  直击中考

  1. I didn’t think maths ______ important at that time.

  A. is B. was C. are D. were(2003兰州)

  [点拨] 答案是B。以-s结尾的学科名词maths, physics, politics等以及news, plastics等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。又,因主句谓语动词是一般过去时,根据主句和从句时态一致性的原则,故选B。

  2. Everyone except Tom and John ______ there when the meeting began. (2003宁夏)

  A. are B. is C. was D. were

  [点拨] 答案是C。主语后面有介词except, with, together with, like, but, besides 等构成的介词短语时,谓语动词的数不受其影响,也就是说主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数。根据实践状语从句when the meeting began确定主句应为一般过去时态。

  3. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday. (2003黑龙江)

  A. invitedB. was invited C. had invited D. were invited

  [点拨] 答案是D。 此题考查主谓一致的邻近一致原则。both...and, not only...but also, neither...nor, either...or等并列两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与其靠近的主语保持一致。此题为一般过去时的被动语态。

  4. Jenny: How many countries ______ in Europe? (2003台湾省)

  Betty: I’m not sure.

  A. is itB. is thereC. are theyD. are there

  [点拨] 答案是D。此题考查There be句型的主谓一致问题。主语countries是复数,谓语动词be也应用复数形式。

  5. —What’s on the plate? (2003吉林)

  —There ______ some bread on it.

  A. is B. are C. hasD. have

  [点拨] 答案是A。在There be 结构中,如果主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词,谓语动词be须用单数形式is/was。如果主语是复数名词,则be应用复数形式are/were。如果主语有两个以上名词,则应与靠近的主语(名词)保持数的一致。

  6. Look! There ______ some apples in that tree. (2003北京西城区)

  A. isB. wasC. areD. were

  [点拨] 答案是C。此题考查There be句型主谓一致的问题。主语apples是复数形式,谓语动词be也应用复数形式。由提示语Look!可知,该句说的是现在的情况,故不选D。

  7. Henry, with his friends, ______ volleyball every Saturday afternoon. (2003江苏无锡)

  A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played

  [点拨] 答案是B。此句主语是Henry, 介词短语with his friends作状语。正常语序是Henry plays volleyball with his friends every Saturday afternoon. 所以谓语动词用单数。

  8. A boy with two dogs ______ when the earthquake rocked the city. (2003乌鲁木齐)

  A. were sleepingB. is asleepC. was sleepingD. are asleep

  [点拨] 答案是C。主语后面有with, besides, except, but, like, together with, as well as等介词短语时,谓语动词仍与主语保持一致,不受这些介词短语的影响。

  9. The number of ______ in our class ______ fifty,(2003山东烟台)

  A. student; is B. the students; are C. the students; is D. students; are

  [点拨] 答案是C。“The number of + 复数名词”作主语,表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数。题意是“我们班的学生数是五十”。注意,a number of意为“许多”,后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数。

  10. —It’ s more and more important to protect our earth. (2003浙江宁波)

  —I agree with you. If everyone ______ a contribution to protecting our environment, our world will become much more beautiful.

  A. make B. makes C. will make D. made

  [点拨] 答案是B。不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything, everyone, someone, anyone等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  专项训练

  1. There ______ two pictures and a map of China on the wall.

  A. haveB. hasC. areD. is

  2. —Two months ______ quite a long time.

  —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of his lessons.

  A. isB. areC. wasD. were

  3. —How much ______ the shoes?

  —Five dollars ______ enough.

  A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are

  4. Neither Wei Hua nor Ann ______ on the team.

  A.isB.areC.goesD.go

  5. Both Kate and I ______ ready for the picnic now.

  A. is notB. is gettingC. are gettingD. am getting

  6. We usually have six lessons a day, and each of them ______ 45 minutes.

  A. lastB. lastsC. haveD. need

  7. So far, the population of Huanggang ______ 7,120,000.

  A. areB. isC. have beenD. has

  8. The ______ are going to fly to Beijing.

  A. GermenB. GermanyC. GermanysD. Germans

  9. The Chengs ______ here for years.

  A. is livingB. have livedC. has livedD. lives

  10. There ______ sheep in the field.

  A. are much B. is smallC. is a few D. is a little

  11. Our knowledge of computers ______ growing all the time.

  A. be B. is C. areD. were

  12. Neither of them ______ a worker.

  A. am B. are C. is D. were

  13. There ______ a table with three legs in Jenny’s room.

  A. is B. are C. has D. have

  14. Listen! Someone ______ in the next room.

  A. cryB. is cryingC. are cryingD. crying

  15. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ here. Where are they?

  A. is B. are C. was D. were

  16. Either the students or the teacher ______ him very well.

  A. know B. to know C. knows D. knowing

  17. No good news ______ in this newspaper.

  A. is B. are C. shall be D. were

  18. Jane is getting on well with her classmates. Everyone in our class ______ her.

  A. like B. likes C. liked D. liking

  19. I think maths ______ one of the most important subjects.

  A. are B. is C. were D. was

  20. More than one student in our class ______ to the Great Wall.

  A. visitB. visitedC. have visitedD. has visited

  答案与解析

  1. C. 在There be句型中,当主语是两个以上的并列主语时,be动词应与最靠近的那个主语在数上保持一致。又如,此题也可以说There is a map of China and two pictures on the wall.

  2. A. 表示时间、距离、天气、金钱的名词作主语时,被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

  3. B. 前一句主语shoes是复数名词,谓语动词用复数;后一句主语Five dollars(五美元)是表示金钱的名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数。

  4. A. neither...nor…并列两个名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与靠近的主语保持一致。

  5. D. both....and…并列两个名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。

  6. B. each作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  7. B. population作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  8. D. “德国人”的复数形式是Germans。

  9. B. the Chens是“姓氏”复数作主语,谓语要用复数。

  10. D. sheep(绵羊)是可数名词,单数和复数形式相同。根据题意判断,“田里有一只小绵羊。”

  11. B. knowledge是不可数名词,作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  12. C. neither作主语时谓语动词用单数。

  13. A. 主语是a table,所以谓语动词要用单数。

  14. B. someone作主语,谓语动词要用单数。

  15. A. neither...nor...并列两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。

  16. C. either…or…并列名词或代词作主语,谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。

  17. A. news(消息)是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

  18. B. 不定代词everyone, someone, anyone等作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  19. B. maths作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  20. D. “more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。


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