考点透视

　　动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

　　1.常跟不定式作宾语的动词有want(想、要)，love(喜欢)，begin(开始)，need(需)，learn(学会)，agree(同意)，decide(决定)，hope(希望)，start(开始)，refuse(拒绝)等。

　　I’m learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。

　　[特别提醒]

　　(1)不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而被不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。

　　He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现难以入睡。

　　(2)begin(开始)，start(开始)，like(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，love(喜爱)可以接动词不定式或-ing形式作宾语，意思一般没有区别。但like后接-ing形式指经常性的动作; 接不定式，指一时间、一次性的动作。

　　I like having a twin sister. 我喜欢有个孪生姐妹。

　　I like to have a twin sister. 我现在想有个孪生姐妹。

　　(3)stop(停止)，forget(忘记)，remember(记得)，try(试)，go on(继续)等动词接不定式和-ing形式意义有区别。试比较：

　　stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事

　　stop doing sth.停止(正在)做某事

　　forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)

　　forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做)

　　remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还未做)

　　remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事

　　try to do sth.试图要做某事

　　try doing sth.试着做某事

　　go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(已做完一件)

　　go on doing sth.继续做(原来未做完的)某件事

　　She stopped crying and listened to the music. = She stopped to listen to the music. 她停止哭闹，听音乐了。

　　Don’t forget to tell him about it. = Remember to tell him about it. 别忘了(记住)告诉他这件事。

　　I’ll try not to be late again. 我将争取不再迟到。

　　She didn’t pull the door and tried pushing it. 她没有拉开门，便试着推一下。

　　2.动词不定式常用作目的状语。

　　He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。

　　Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生。

　　in order to 作“为了”解，用作目的状语。

　　In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard. 为了通过这次考试，他学习非常刻苦。

　　不定式短语可以在一些作表语的形容词后作状语，表示原因或结果。

　　I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。(原因)

　　Some of the apples are hard to reach. 有些苹果难以够着。(结果)

　　3.动词tell (叫，让)，ask (请求)， want(希望)，order(命令)，get(使)，wish(希望)，warn(警告)，teach(教)，invite(邀请)等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语，构成tell/ask. sb. to do sth. “叫/请……某人做某事”句型。

　　Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你让他给我打个电话，好吗？

　　[特别提醒] 使役动词let(让)，make(使)，have(使)等; 感官动词see(看见)，hear(听见)，feel(感到)，watch(观看)，notice(注意到)，look at(看)，listen to(听)等跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

　　What makes you think I’m a farmer? 你凭什么说我是农民？

　　A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到(它掉下)的。

　　We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们时常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

　　help后面的不定式作宾语补足语，可以带to也可以不带to。

　　She helped her parents clean the house. 她帮助父母打扫房屋。

　　We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries.

　　我们也能用卫星帮助我们和外国通电话

　　[特别提醒] 在被动语态句子中，不定式前必须加to。

　　He was made to do it.他被迫做这件事。

　　She was often heard to sing in the next room. 经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

　　4.不定式短语作定语须放在被修饰的词语之后。

　　I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事情要做。

　　The doctor said he could do nothing to help him. 医生说他无能为力。

　　5.不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式短语放在后面。

　　It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是有益的。

　　6.作表语

　　To him, the first important thing was to save lives. 对他来说，最重要的事情就是抢救生命。

　　His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。

　　7. 动词不定式用在疑问词how, when, where, what, which等之后，作宾语或宾语补足语。

　　He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。

　　I don’t know where to go? 我不知道去哪里？

　　Could you tell me which to choose? 请告诉我选择哪一个？

　　why或why not后常跟不带to的不定式表示一种建议。

　　Why not have a cup of tea? 喝一杯茶，好吗？

　　8. 常用不定式的句型

　　(1)It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. “是做……的时候了”

　　It’s time to have supper. = It’s time for supper. 该吃晚饭了。

　　(2)There’s no (time ) to do sth. “没有(时间)做某事”

　　There was no time to open it. 没有时间去打开它。

　　(3)It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事”

　　It took me half an hour to do the problem. 我花了半小时做这个题目。

　　(4)be +形容词+enough + to do sth. “足够……做某事”

　　The girl is old enough to go to school. 那小姑娘已够上学年龄。

　　(5)be + too +形容词 + to do sth. “太……不能做某事”

　　The boy was too frightened to move. 那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。

　　(6)be ready + to do sth. “乐意做某事”

　　Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋总是乐于助人。

　　(7)It’s + 形容词+for sb. + to do sth.

　　It’s important for the twins to help each other. 孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。

　　(8)be afraid to do sth. “不敢做某事”

　　He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告诉他父亲。

　　(9)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿……也不愿……”

　　I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。

　　(10)would like to do sth. 与would love to do sth.常用于口语中，表示 “喜欢……”

　　I’d like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

　　I would love to go. 我想去。

　　(11) had better +不带to的不定式表示“最好……”

　　You’d better put on your coat. It’s very cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。

　　You’d better not go.你最好不要去。

　　(12)Will you please+不带to的不定式，表示请求。

　　Will you please ask her to come to the teacher’s office? 请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗？

　　[特别提醒] enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep (on ) (坚持/一直……)，be busy(忙于……)，can’t help(情不自禁)等常跟-ing形式作宾语。

　　He enjoyed living there. 他喜欢住在那里。

　　Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在五分钟之内画出一匹好看的马吗？

　　I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我一直在考虑下午的比赛。

　　Keep passing the ball to each other, and you’ll be OK! 坚持互相传球，你们就会赢！

　　By the time the bell rang, every member of the class was busy reading. 铃响以前，班上每个同学都忙着念书。

　　直击中考

　　1. My mother often asks me ______ early. (2003北京)

　　A. get up B. got upC. getting upD. to get up

　　[点拨] 答案是D。此题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。ask sb. to do sth.意为“请某人做某事”。常带动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, want, get, order, warn, wish, teach, invite等。

　　2. I’m sorry, I really don’t know ______ the clock. (2003天津)

　　A. to mendB. how should I mendC. what to mendD. how to mend

　　[点拨] 答案是D。此题考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的用法。动词不定式用在疑问词how, when, where, what, which等之后作宾语或宾语补足语。注意，why或why not后跟不带to的不定式表示一种建议。

　　3. “Don’t always make Michael ______ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear, ” Mr. Bush said to his wife. (2003上海)

　　A. do B. to doC. doesD. did

　　[点拨] 答案是A。此题考查使役动词make后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的用法。这种动词有make, let, have; 还有感官动词see, hear, feel ,watch, notice等。

　　4. “Mr. Zhu, you’d better ______ too much meat. You are already over weight. ” said the doctor. (2003上海)

　　A. not to eatB. to eatC. not eatD. eat

　　[点拨] 答案是C。此题考查had better (not)do sth.句型的用法。had better do表示“建议”，后跟不带to的动词不定式。这种用法的句型还有would rather do...; Why not do...?; Will you please do...?等。had better do的否定式是had better not do。

　　5. Tracy can’t play the match now. Please ______ instead. (2003杭州)

　　A. have Lily do itB. have Lily to do it

　　C. make Lily to do itD. let Lily to do it

　　[点拨] 答案是A。have sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。have后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

　　6. —Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party? (2003安徽)

　　—______.

　　A. Yes, I wouldB. Yes, I’d love toC. No, I wouldn’tD. No, I don’t go

　　[点拨] 答案是B。此题考查含不定式的简略答语。在需用不定式简略式作答语时，不能省略不定式符号to。常用的这类结构有I’m glad to; I’d love to; I’d like to等。

　　7. I hear someone ________ at the door. Please go and see who ________ is. (2003黑龙江)

　　A. knock; itB. knocking; itC. knocking; heD. knock; he

　　[点拨] 答案是B。 此题考查动词hear等后跟v-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法。感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面常跟v-ing形式作宾语补足语。构成see/hear...sb. doing sth.句型。另外，it指上文提到的人或说话者心目中的人。

　　8. If you don’t feel well, you may just ______.(2003河北)

　　A. stopped reading B. stop readingC. stopped to readD. stop to read

　　[点拨] 答案是 B。stop doing sth.意思是“停止做某事”；stop to do sth意思是“停下来正在做的事去做另一件事”，不定式实际上作目的状语。

　　9. Lily finished ______ the book yesterday. (2003北京)

　　A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads

　　[点拨] 答案是B。 此题考查动词后跟-ing形式作宾语的用法。动词enjoy, finish, keep(on), prefer...to..., feel like，can’t help 及短语be busy等后面只能跟动词的-ing形式作宾语。

　　10. —How about going hiking this weekend?

　　—Sorry. I prefer______ rather than______. (2003湖北黄冈)

　　A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home

　　C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

　　[点拨] 答案是A。考查prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.句型表示“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……”；“宁愿做……也不做”的用法。根据对话情景，应该选A, B与题意不符。

　　11.Yesterday afternoon Mrs Green told the boys ______ football in the classroom. (2003广州)

　　A. didn’t playB. to not playC. not playD. not to play

　　[点拨] 答案是D。tell sb. not to do sth.是tell sb. to do sth.的否定式，意思是“叫某人不要做某事”，固定搭配。适用这种用不定式作宾语补足语结构的动词还有want, ask, get, order, like等。

　　12. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ______ the earth away. (2003甘肃)

　　A. blow B. blowing C. blew D, to blew

　　[点拨] 答案是B。stop ... from doing sth.(阻止……做……)，是惯用短语。类似结构还有keep sb. doing sth.; be worth doing; be busy doing sth.等。

　　13. I’ll be sorry______ Kunming. I’ve enjoyed living here. (2003昆明)

　　A. to leave B. to live in C. to stay in D. to visit

　　[点拨] 答案是A。 考查“be +形容词+不定式” 句型。不定式用来说明形容词所表示的情绪产生的原因。根据后一句I’ve enjoyed living here.(我已经喜欢住在这里)可知,“离开这里我将很难过”。

　　14. The artist said that he hoped ______ drawing the picture soon. (2003呼和浩特)

　　A. his son to finish B. to finish C. finishing D. his son will finish

　　[点拨] 答案是B。 hope后跟不定式作宾语。此题易误选A。注意，hope后不能跟不定式做宾语补足语，即不能说hope sb. to do sth. , 所以A错。

　　15. It’s very kind of you ______ and see us. (2003广西)

　　A. come B. came C. to come D. coming

　　[点拨] 答案是C。 It is + adj.+ of sb. + to do sth.是一种常用句型。其中的形容词说明的是某人的情况。注意，It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.句型中的形容词说明的是不定式所表明的情况。

　　专项训练

　　1. The teacher told her students ______ in public.

　　A. not to shout B. didn’t shout C. not shout D. to not shout

　　2. I have finished ______ this book. You can take it away.

　　A. to readB. readC. readingD. reads

　　3. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ______ .

　　A. don’t go nowB. stay here when it stops

　　C. not leave until it stopsD. not to leave at once

　　4. Let him ______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.

　　A. have B. getsC. to takeD. has

　　5. There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know ______.

　　A. what to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose whichD. to choose what

　　6. —Could you give me a hand, please?

　　—Sure. What would you like me ______?

　　A. doB. to doC. doingD. does

　　7. Can you show me ______ an e-mail?

　　A. sendB. how to sendC. what to sendD. to send

　　8. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to ______ her.

　　A. believeB. controlC. noticeD. visit

　　9. Mother makes me ______ my homework every day before I can play video games.

　　A. finishB. finishedC. finishingD. to finish

　　10.—______ have dinner with me and my wife sometime next week?

　　—Yes, I’d like to. Thank you.

　　A. Would you likeB. Do you likeC. Would youD. Do you

　　11. She asked them ______ things about.

　　A. not to litterB. don’t litter C. not litter D. no litter

　　12. — Would you like to have a try?

　　—Yes, very much. It ______ to be exciting.

　　A. seem B. is looking C. seems D. will look

　　13. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one.

　　A. to paying B. to payC. not to pay D. rather than pay

　　14. —I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now.

　　—Yes, she is often seen ______ the old man with his housework.

　　A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped

　　15. Listen! Can you hear a baby ______?

　　A. cryB. to cryC. crying D. cries

　　16. On Sunday I often stay at home and do some ______.

　　A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read

　　17. —Hello! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight?

　　—I’m sorry I can’t . Mother won’t ______me to go out in the evening.

　　A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask

　　18. —What are on show in the museum?

　　—Some photos ______ by African children.

　　A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken

　　19. Our teacher did what she could ______ us with English.

　　A. helpB. helpedC. helpingD. to help

　　20. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ______ buy a digital camera?

　　A. what toB. where toC. what I can D. where can I

　　21. —What are you busy ______ these days?

　　—Nothing much.

　　A. do B. doing C. to do D. done

　　22. Mary prefers ______.

　　A. sing and dance B. singing to dancing

　　C. to sing to dance D. to sing than dancing

　　23. —Do you want to eat something?

　　—______, thanks. I am feeling sick now. I don’t feel like ______.

　　A. Yes; eating something B. No; to eat anything

　　C. Yes; to eat anything D. No; eating anything

　　24. Sorry. I can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ______ your e-mail address? I’ll write it down.

　　A. reviewB. reciteC. reportD. repeat

　　25. No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep ______ until we make it.

　　A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying

　　26. The boy was too busy his father last term.

　　A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to

　　27. —It’s too hot. Would you mind ______ the door?

　　—______. Please do it now.

　　A. to open, OKB. opening, Certainly not

　　C. opening, Of courseD. to open, Good idea

　　28. The young lady watched her daughter ______ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon.

　　A. to play withB. playing withC. to playD. plays

　　29. Do you enjoy ______ football? I hear there will be a football match tomorrow.

　　A. playing B. play C. played D. to play

　　30. —There is a ticket on the floor, is it yours?

　　—Oh, yes, it’s mine.

　　—Let me ______ for you.

　　A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up

　　答案与分析

　　1. A. tell sb. not to do sth.意为“叫某人不要干某事”，固定搭配。

　　2. C. finish doing sth.意为“完成做某事”，是固定搭配。enjoy, finish, keep, feel like等后跟-ing形式作宾语。

　　3. C. not...until...意为“直到……再/才”；had better的否定式是had better not do。

　　4. A. let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。have a rest(休息)是固定词组。

　　5. B. which指在某一定范围内选择；what则没有选择范围。

　　6. B. would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，是固定句型。

　　7. B. how to send an e-mail意为“怎样发电子邮件”。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语补足语。what to send(发送什么)，与题意不符。

　　8. B. 由句意判断。“戴奇形怪状的帽子是想让人们注意她”。

　　9. A. make后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

　　10. C. 用排除法。由would you like to do...; do you like to do... 可知A、B两项缺少小品词to。D项Do you不用I’d like to回答。

　　11. A. ask sb. not to do sth.意思是“请某人不要做某事”。“她请他们不要乱丢东西”。

　　12. C. seem to be作“似乎……；好像……”。look后不能跟不定式。

　　13. D. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿……而不……”是一固定句型。注意，rather than后跟不带to的不定式。

　　14. B. see, hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，see, hear等要跟带to的不定式作主语的补足语。

　　15. C. hear, see等动词后可跟不带to的不定式或-ing形式作宾语补足语。跟不定式表示动作发生的全过程；跟-ing形式表示动作正在发生。由Listen!可知“婴儿正在哭”。

　　16. C. do some reading(阅读)是固定搭配。又如do some cleaning, do some shopping, do some washing等。

　　17. B. allow sb. to do sth.作“允许某人做某事”解，allow后跟不定式作宾语补足语。ask也有这种用法，但在这里不符合语境。

　　18. C. 过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句which are taken by African boys。此题易误选A、B或D。三项均为被动语态。

　　19. D. 不定式作目的状语。此题易受情态动词could的影响而误选A。题意是“我们的老师尽力(做她能够做到的)帮助我们学英语”。

　　20. B. “疑问词+不定式”作宾语补足语。题意是“请告诉我哪里能够买到数码相机好吗？”

　　21. B. be busy doing sth.= be busy with sth.意为“忙于做某事”。

　　22. B. prefer sth. / doing sth ...to sth. / doing sth.(喜欢……而不喜欢……；更喜欢)，表示两者中的比较。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.也是常用句型之一。

　　23. D. feel like后跟动词-ing形式作宾语，表示“想要做某事”。由I am feeling sick now.(我现在感觉不舒服)可知，“现在我不想吃东西”。

　　24. D. repeat(重复；再说)；review(回顾；复习)；recite(背诵)；report(汇报)。由I can’t hear you clearly(我听不清楚你的话)可知是要请你“再说一遍”。

　　25. D. keep doing sth.(一直做某事)。题意是“不管有多大困难，我一直坚持试验到成功”。failing符合语法，但不符合句意。

　　26. B. “too + adj. + to do sth.”表示“太……不能……”。题意是“上个学期那孩子太忙，没能给她父亲写信”。此题易受be busy doing sth.的影响而误选C。

　　27. B. Would/will mind doing ...?意为“请你……好吗(介意吗)？” 表示“不介意”一般说Of course not.或Certainly not.如果“介意”，则说Yes, I do.

　　28. B. watch等动词后跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生。

　　29. A. enjoy后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语。

　　30. D. “动词+副词”构成的短语动词，如宾语是代词，则放在动词和副词之间；如宾语是名词，则放在两者之间或副词之后均可。