高一英语辅导:拜访“时间状语从句” |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/01/07 13:19 英语辅导报 |
时间状语从句表示一个动作或状态是在何时发生的,对应问题 “When?” 这种从句常由下列从属词来引导:after(在……之后)、as(在……的时候)、before(在……之前)、once(一旦)、since(自从)、till(直到……为止)、until(=till)、when(当……的时候)、whenever(每当,无论何时)、while(在……的时候/期间),或短语连词 as soon as(一……就……)、every time(=whenever)、immediately(=as soon as)、directly(=as soon as)、the moment(=as soon as),等等。 我们要特别注意,在时间(、条件或让步)状语从句中,动词永远不能用将来时。如果从句表示将来的意思,从句中要用与其相对应的一般形式来表示(——将来进行与将来完成时等用现在进行式或现在完成式等形式来表示)。比较: When you perform the experiment tomorrow, you will find that all burning is oxidation. *When you will perform.... It will be a long time before we meet again. *It will be a long time before we will meet again. 当 since 引导表示时间的从句(或短语)时,主句中的动词一般要用完成形式。例如: I haven’t seen him since we left. *I didn’t see him since we left. 只有在“It is/was...since...”这种谈论时间的句子里,主句中才可用一般式: It’s five years since he joined the army (= He has been in the army for five years.). 当 after 和 when 等涉及到过去发生的事件时间上的先后时,从句中动词可以用过去完成式,也可以用一般过去式。例如: When/After he returned from work, his wife cooked dinner. 有 till 或 until 出现的句子,常有“从句中所表示的动作或状态的时间一到,主句中所表示的(肯定或否定)动作或状态就结束”之涵义。所以,肯定句(——延续的动作或状态)常可译作“(主句中的动作或状态)直到……时为止”;否定句(——非延续的动作或状态)在意义上是“不到……时(主句中的否定的动作或状态)不止”,实际上是“(主句中的动作或状态)到……时开始”,即“直到……时才……”的意思。例如: He stayed up until his father returned from work last night. He didn’t go to bed until his father returned from work last night. 他昨天晚上直到他父亲下班回家后才睡觉。 Wait till I come back (= Don’t go away till...). 等到我回来。 在以 Not until 开头的句子里,主句中的动词要倒装: Not until I came here did I know her (=I did not know her until...). Not until he had finished his work did he go home. (=He did not go home until...) Before 有时也有“到……时才……”的意思,但只有时间上的先后的意义,没有否定主句的涵义。例如: He looked at Xiao Wang for a moment before he understood. It will be a long time before we meet again. 另外,before 还有“还没来得及……,就……”或“趁还没有……,就……”的意思。例如: The boy fell asleep before I could take off his clothes. I must put it down before I forget it. 在表示过去发生的两个连贯动作时,有一种特殊结构。这种句子由“hardly/scarcely, etc....when”、“no sooner...than”等构成,意为:“刚……,就……”。例如: She had hardly entered the room when the phone rang. He had scarcely sat down when he heard some one knock at the door. I had no sooner left my house than it began to rain. 当 no sooner、hardly、scarcely 等位于句首时,主句中的动词需要倒装: No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. Hardly had we reached the station when the train started. (文/钱炳臣; 英语辅导报外研新标准高一版 04~05学年度第13期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |