无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,“省略”在单项填空中频频出现。本文结合高考试题,对“省略”考点加以透视,力求还其本来面目。

　　一、考查不定式结构中的省略

　　在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时,不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略,只保留不定式符号to。常用于动词refuse, would like, would love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend以及形容词afraid, happy, glad, willing, ready等之后。

　　[原题再现]

　　The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.

　　A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not to

　　答案: A

　　注意:如果承前省略的不定式内容有be或作助动词的have时,不定式符号to后要保留be或have。例如:

　　—Are you a farmer?

　　—No, but I used to be.

　　二、考查替代省略

　　用it, one, that替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子;用so, neither / nor引起的分句,表示前面的情况也适用于后者。

　　[原题再现]

　　①We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had.

　　A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another

　　②—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

　　—________.

　　A. Nor am IB. Neither would I C. Same with meD. So do I

　　答案:① B ② B

　　三、考查答语中的省略

　　1. 有时为了避免重复,可用so或that作替代语,替代前面所说的内容。可用于动词think, believe, hope, suppose, expect, guess, imagine以及be afraid, of course, certainly, perhaps等后面。

　　[原题再现]

　　—You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?

　　—________. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.

　　A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so

　　答案: A

　　2. 含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省略回答,只保留情态动词;情态动词后有be或作助动词的have时,保留be或have。

　　[原题再现]

　　—I don’t mind telling you what I know.

　　—You ________. I’m not asking you for it.

　　A. mustn’tB. may not C. can’t D. needn’t

　　答案: D

　　3. 疑问句中的省略回答。

　　[原题再现]

　　①—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.

　　—Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.

　　A. him B. heC. I D. me

　　②—What do you think made Mary so upset?

　　—________ her bicycle.

　　A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing

　　答案:① D ② C

　　4. 祈使句中的省略回答。

　　[原题再现]

　　—Write to me when you get home.

　　—________.

　　A. I mustB. I should C. I will D. I can

　　答案: C

　　四、考查状语从句中的省略

　　在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或者是it,从句中谓语动词又含有be的某一种形式时,可以省略从句中的主语和be。

　　[原题再现]

　　Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

　　A. lackedB. lacking of C. lackingD. lacked in

　　答案: C

　　(文/李林 英语辅导报高三年级版2004-2005学年第20期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)