被动语态时态的用法是高考考查的热点。被动语态时态的用法与主动语态相应时态的用法大致是一样的。但被动语态一般不常用于将来进行时态和各种完成进行时态。

　　⑴ 表示现在或经常发生的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态；表示现在之前发生的被动动作或过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，用现在完成时的被动语态。试比较：

　　Tom, you are wanted on the phone. 汤姆，你有电话。

　　Ten houses have been set up by now. 到目前为止，已经建好了十座房子。

　　【考例】 You can see the house ________ for years. (MET1981)

　　A. isn't painted

　　B. hasn't painted

　　C. hasn't been painted

　　D. hadn't been painted

　　⑵ 表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。试比较：

　　I was invited to the party yesterday. 我昨天应邀参加了晚会。

　　He said his car had been stolen. 他说他的汽车失窃了。

　　【考例】By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. (上海2003 春)

　　A. would be completed

　　B. was being completed

　　C. has been completed

　　D. had been completed

　　⑶ 表示现在或现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候或过去某段时间正在进行的被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态。试比较：

　　The car is being repaired over there now. 那辆汽车现在正在那边修理。

　　When I called, coffee was being served. 我来拜访时，正赶上咖啡之际。

　　【考例】Rainforests ________ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (上海 2002 春)

　　A. cut

　　B. are cut

　　C. are being cut

　　D. had been cut

　　⑷ 表示现在之后的将来发生的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态；表示从过去某个时候看今后将要发生的被动动作，用过去将来时的被动语态。值得注意的是，状语从句指将来情况时，不能用将来时态，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时的被动结构表示未发生的被动动作。试比较：

　　The work will be finished tomorrow. 这项工作明天完成。

　　He said that the factory would be built next month.他说这座工厂下个月建成。

　　【考例】 I need one more stamp before my collection ________ . (NMET1994)

　　A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed

　　⑸ 表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；表示从过去看在将来某个时候以前发生的被动动作，用过去将来时的被动语态。 试比较：

　　This car will have been driven by Smith for five years by next month. 到下个月，这辆汽车将由史密斯驾驶五年了。

　　John said the letter would have been finished by supper. 约翰说那封信将在晚饭之前写完。

　　【考例】The rice ________ if you had been more careful. (MET1988)

　　A. would not be burning

　　B. would not burn

　　C. would not have been burnt

　　D. would not burnt

　　(文/王官敏 刘石才； 英语辅导报高一版 04~05学年度第16期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)