根据主语和谓语之间的关系，英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，我们平时习惯上还是使用主动语态的情况比较多。被动语态便于论述客观事实，常常出现在科普知识、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写等文章中。

　　被动语态的基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词形式，时态通过be 表现出来，以动词write为例，各种时态的被动形式如下表：

　　【主动变被动需要注意的问题】

　　1. 由上述表格可以看出，被动语态没有完成进行时态，也没有将来进行时态，如果这类时态的主动结构变为被动结构，可以用完成时态或一般将来时态。例如：

　　We have been discussing the problem for two days.→

　　The problem has been discussed for two days.

　　We shall be discussing it tomorrow.→

　　It will be discussed tomorrow.

　　2. 如果宾语是that 从句，变为被动结构时一般用it作被动句的形式主语。例如：

　　They know that he is an expert.→

　　It is known that he is an expert./ He is known to be an expert.

　　3. 如果主动句是“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”变被动句时，若用直接宾语作被动句的主语，要在间接宾语前加to (可省)或for (不可省)。例如：

　　(1) He told her a long story.→

　　She was told a long story.

　　A long story was told to her.

　　(2) Mother bought me a new coat. →

　　I was bought a new coat.

　　A new coat was bought for me.

　　4. 如果主动语态中是使役动词have, make， let 或感官动词feel， listen to， hear, notice， see， watch加宾补结构，变被动语态后to 不能省略(let +单音节词例外)。例如：

　　He is made to do a lot of work every day.

　　He was allowed to go home by the teacher.

　　He was let go home by the teacher.

　　5. 系表结构与被动语态的区别：

　　系表结构一般只用于一般时态和过去时态，系表结构的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态；被动语态适用的时态较多，被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作。例如：

　　I am quite puzzled.

　　I am puzzled by the problem.

　　The composition is well written.

　　The composition was written with great care.

　　系表结构的过去分词可用very 修饰，被动语态中的过去分词用much来修饰。例如：

　　He was very excited.

　　He was much excited by the news.

　　巩固练习：

　　1. _______ the work _______ by Lily or by Tom? Tell me the truth, please.

　　A. Has; finished

　　B. Has; being finished

　　C. Is; finished

　　D. Has; been finished

　　2. That white building _______ two years ago, but it looks quite old now.

　　A. built B. was built C. is built D. has been built

　　3. The problems _______ now.

　　A. are discussed

　　B. are discussing

　　C. are being discussed

　　D. are going to discuss

　　4. — _______ the sports meet might be put off.

　　—Yes, it all depends on the weather.

　　A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told

　　5. This dictionary mustn't _______ from the library.

　　A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away

　　6. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week.

　　A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give

　　7. Chinese _______ by the largest number of people in the world.

　　A. speak B. spoken C. is spoken D. are spoken

　　8. _______ the trees _______ in the park next Saturday?

　　A. Will; be planted

　　B. Will be; planted

　　C. Will; plant

　　D. Will; planted

　　9. —How long _______ at this job?

　　—Since 1990.

　　A. were you employed

　　B. have you been employed

　　C. had you been employed

　　D. will you be employed

　　10. The river _______ by industrial wastes.

　　A. have poisoned

　　B. have been poisoned

　　C. has poisoned

　　D. has been poisoned

　　11. He _______ soon _______ to president of the company.

　　A. is; advancing

　　B. was; advanced

　　C. was; advancing

　　D. has; advanced

　　12. We are glad that the Shenzhen Underground _______ very soon.

　　A. will complete

　　B. will be completed

　　C. has completed

　　D. has been completed

　　13. In our school, library books _______ in two weeks.

　　A. is returned

　　B. must return

　　C. will return

　　D. must be returned

　　14. Computer _______ in everyday life in this country before long.

　　A. is used B. will use C. will be used D. was used

　　15. The film _______ in this cinema now. Why don't you go in and see it?

　　A. is showing

　　B. is being shown

　　C. is shown

　　D. shows

　　Key:

　　1—5 DBCAD 6—10 CCABD 11—15 BBDCB

　　(文/邵文荣 刘金龙； 英语通高一版 04~05学年度第12期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)