whoever&who与what&that主语从句的区别 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/03/09 14:55 英语辅导报 |
1. who与whoever who 和whoever都可以引导主语从句,只能置于句首,不能用形式主语it代替。它们也都有“谁”的含义, 但能否互相替代呢?请观察下列句子并选择正确选项: (A) ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. No matter who (B) ________ will give us a talk is unknown to us all. A. Whoever B. Who C. Anyone D. No matter who 句(A) 的正确选项为C。whoever 的含义是:the person who... 或anyone who... [无论(不管)是谁],前者特指,后者泛指。句(A)的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。又如: Whoever (Anyone who) breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 Whoever (The person who) told you it was lying.无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。 句(B)的正确选项为B。who虽然也可以引导主语从句,但它常保留本身疑问的含义,即“谁”。句(B)的意思为:对我们大家来说,谁给我们讲话还不知道。又如: Who will go with us has not yet been decided. 谁和我们一起去还没决定。 Who will be sent abroad is unknown.还不知道谁将被派往国外。 2. what与that what和 that都可以引导主语从句,都可以置于句首,但that引导的主语从句可以用形式主语it代替,而what引导的主语从句则不能。除此之外,它们都可以互相替代吗?请观察下列句子并选择正确选项: (A) ________ the moon travels round the earth once every month is known to everyone. A. It B. What C. That D. As (B) ________ we need is more time. A. It B. What C. That D. As 句(A) 的正确选项为C。that 引导主语从句时,在主语从句中无任何意义,也不充当任何成分,只是起连接作用,通常不省略。又如: That she was chosen makes us very happy.→ It makes us very happy that she was chosen. 她被选上使我们很高兴。 That he would take the risk is true.→ It is true that he would take the risk. 他会冒险是真的。 句(B)的正确选项为B。what 引导主语从句时, 在主语从句中充当一定的句子成分,可作主语、宾语、表语,通常不能省略。又如: What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我们无法得到的(东西)似乎比我们所得到的(东西)更好。 What surprised me most was that she came to see me that day. 使我最惊讶的是那天她来看我。 (文/张忠潮; 英语辅导报冀教高一版 04~05学年度第17期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |