高中教师教学参考:漫话英语单词男女有别① |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/03/11 15:08 英语辅导报 |
自古以来,男女有别被认为是天经地义的。男女固然在生理上存在着某些区别,但由于长期的封建思想的影响,使男女在职业、地位或风俗习惯等方面,也有一定的差异。在下列普通常识、名言和谚语中都有所反映。 In general, women bear pain better than men. 一般说来,女人比男人更能忍受痛苦。 In short, women live longer than men. 总而言之,女人比男人长寿。 The beauty of a man is in his intelligence, and the intelligence of a woman is in her beauty. —Morocco Proverb 男人的美在于他的智慧,而女人的智慧在于她的美。 ——摩洛哥谚语 Man without woman is head without body, woman without man is body without head. 男人无女人是有头无体,女人无男人是无头有体。 Beware of women with beards and men without beards. 当心有胡子的女人和没有胡子的男人。 ——巴什克谚语 The woman cries before the wedding and the man after. —Polish Proverb 女人结婚之前哭,男人结婚之后哭。——波兰谚语 Women look for talent, men for beauty. —Vietnameses Proverb 女人觅才,男人寻美。——越南谚语 Men are mountains and women are levers which move them. —Pushto Proverbs 男人是山,而女人是移山的工具。 ——普什多谚语 Women lie about their age; men lie about their income. —W. Feller 女人隐瞒她的年龄, 男人隐瞒他的收入。(美)威廉·菲勒 Man wants a great deal here below, and women even more. —Thurber 男人是世界欲求最多的,而女人欲求的更多。(美)瑟伯 To be successful, a woman has to be much better at her job than a man. —Golda Mei 女人想要成功,就必须在工作上比男人更加努力。(以色列)梅厄夫人 A successful man is one who makes more money than his wife can spend. A successful woman is one who can find such a man —Lanatona 一个成功的男人就是赚的钱比太太花的钱多,一个成功的女人就是找到这么一个男人。(美)拉纳托纳 然而,在英语中,除此以外,连表示男女的称谓、职业或职务等单词的拼写,也有所不同。这一点与我们汉语就大相径庭了。英语单词男变女可以通过下列方法: 1. 部分名词的性别可以从词形上分辨出来。如: bridegroom(新郎)—bride(新娘), cock(公鸡)—hen(母鸡), gentleman(绅士)—lady(淑女), husband (丈夫)—wife(妻子), king(国王)—queen(王后), nephew(侄子)—niece(侄女), sir(先生)—madam(女士), uncle(叔、伯、姨夫、舅父)—aunt(婶母、伯母、姨母、舅母) 2. 以-or或-er结尾的男性职业或称呼等,大都加词尾-ess来表示相应的女性职业或称呼,有的动物也是如此。 actor(男演员)—actress(女演员), emperor(皇帝) —empress(皇后), god(神)—goddess(女神), headmaster(男校长)—headmistress(女校长), host(男主人)—hostess(女主人), mister(先生)—mistress(夫人), monitor(班长)—monitress(女班长), murderer(男凶手)—murderess(女凶手), poet(男诗人)— poetess(女诗人), postmaster(男邮局局长)—postmistress(女邮局局长),prince(王子)—princess(公主), schoolmaster(男教师,男校长)—schoolmistress(女教师,女校长), steward(男乘务员)—stewardess(女乘务员,空中小姐), tiger(公虎)—tigress(母虎), traitor(男叛徒)—traitress(女叛徒), waiter(男招待)—waitress(女招待) (文/许文龙 孙玉仙; 英语辅导报高中教师版 04~05学年度第24期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |