④表示让步

　　Admitting what she has said，I still think that she hasn't tried her best.

　　⑤表示结果

　　It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that country.

　　It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.

　　⑥表示方式或伴随情况

　　He ran up to her breathing heavily.

　　Please fill in the form，giving your name，address，etc.

　　2.过去分词的用法

　　⑴作定语

　　过去分词可以作定语。如果是单词，常置于其所修饰的名词之前，例如：

　　Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier?

　　⑵作状语

　　过去分词从表意的角度看也可以用做状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴

　　随情况等。

　　①表示时间

　　Heated，metals expand.

　　When seen through a telescope，the sun appears darker near the edge.

　　②表示原因

　　Born and bred in the countryside，he was bewildered by the big city.

　　Overcome with surprise，she was unable to utter aword.

　　③表示条件

　　United，we stand；divided，we fall.

　　Given more time，I'll doit better.

　　④表示让步

　　Considered as a building material，wood is not very strong.

　　Badly involved in the accident，the car is still running.

　　⑤表示方式或伴随

　　He came back，utterly exhausted.

　　United as one，the people of the whole country are striving for greater successes in socialist construction.

　3.分词独立结构

　　分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，且能在同一句中找到：

　　Having finished her homework，she went out to play basketball.

　　功课做完以后，她出去打篮球.

　　注意：

　　有时分词短语有它自己独立的主语，这种主语常是名词或代词，且放在分词短语的前面，这种结构叫做独立结构，它常用做状语，多用于书面语。

　　It being a holiday，I went fishing.

　　那天放假，我钓鱼去了。

　　Weather permitting，we shall start tomorrow.

　　如果天气好的话，我们将明天动身。

　　例1. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room ____ .

　　A . to send it to B . to send it

　　C . to be sent to D . to have it send

　　【答案】A。

　　【分析】这里是一个含有疑问词which(office room)to send it to的动词不定式短语。which office room在短语中作介词宾语。

　　【译文】每人手中都有一份申请表，但是没有一个人知道该把申请表交到哪个办公室。

　　例2. If I had remembered ____ the window, the thief would not have got in.

　　A . to close B . closing

　　C . to have closed D . having closed

　　【答案】A

　　【分析】题中remember后跟动词不定式表示“记得去做某事”，跟动名词则表示“记得做了某事”。此处显然是“如果我记得去关上门”，而不是“如果我记得关上了门……”。

　　【译文】入果我记着去把门关上，盗贼就进不来了。

　　例3. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ____ trouble.

　　A . making B . to make

　　C . to have made D . having made

　　【答案】B

　　【分析】题中mean后跟动词不定式，意思是“有……意图，打算做某事，或想做某事”；跟动名词则为“意味着……”。

　　【译文】在前台有一个人显得很气愤，我想他是要找麻烦了。

　　例4. They are going to have the serviceman ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

　　A . install B . to install

　　C . to be installed D . installed

　　【答案】A

　　【分析】本题考查have sb.do sth.结构，have为使役动词，其后的动词不定式作宾语补足语不带to。

　　【译文】他们明天将让服务人员给办公室装电扇。