1.2.1英语知识运用对基本语法知识的要求(4) | |||||||||
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http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/11/02 20:16 北大出版社 | |||||||||
④表示让步 Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasn't tried her best. ⑤表示结果
It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country. It rained for two weeks on end,completely ruining our holiday. ⑥表示方式或伴随情况 He ran up to her breathing heavily. Please fill in the form,giving your name,address,etc. 2.过去分词的用法 ⑴作定语 过去分词可以作定语。如果是单词,常置于其所修饰的名词之前,例如: Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier? ⑵作状语 过去分词从表意的角度看也可以用做状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴 随情况等。 ①表示时间 Heated,metals expand. When seen through a telescope,the sun appears darker near the edge. ②表示原因 Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city. Overcome with surprise,she was unable to utter aword. ③表示条件 United,we stand;divided,we fall. Given more time,I'll doit better. ④表示让步 Considered as a building material,wood is not very strong. Badly involved in the accident,the car is still running. ⑤表示方式或伴随 He came back,utterly exhausted. United as one,the people of the whole country are striving for greater successes in socialist construction.
3.分词独立结构 分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语,且能在同一句中找到: Having finished her homework,she went out to play basketball. 功课做完以后,她出去打篮球. 注意: 有时分词短语有它自己独立的主语,这种主语常是名词或代词,且放在分词短语的前面,这种结构叫做独立结构,它常用做状语,多用于书面语。 It being a holiday,I went fishing. 那天放假,我钓鱼去了。 Weather permitting,we shall start tomorrow. 如果天气好的话,我们将明天动身。 例1. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room ____ . A . to send it to B . to send it C . to be sent to D . to have it send 【答案】A。 【分析】这里是一个含有疑问词which(office room)to send it to的动词不定式短语。which office room在短语中作介词宾语。 【译文】每人手中都有一份申请表,但是没有一个人知道该把申请表交到哪个办公室。 例2. If I had remembered ____ the window, the thief would not have got in. A . to close B . closing C . to have closed D . having closed 【答案】A 【分析】题中remember后跟动词不定式表示“记得去做某事”,跟动名词则表示“记得做了某事”。此处显然是“如果我记得去关上门”,而不是“如果我记得关上了门……”。 【译文】入果我记着去把门关上,盗贼就进不来了。 例3. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ____ trouble. A . making B . to make C . to have made D . having made 【答案】B 【分析】题中mean后跟动词不定式,意思是“有……意图,打算做某事,或想做某事”;跟动名词则为“意味着……”。 【译文】在前台有一个人显得很气愤,我想他是要找麻烦了。 例4. They are going to have the serviceman ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A . install B . to install C . to be installed D . installed 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查have sb.do sth.结构,have为使役动词,其后的动词不定式作宾语补足语不带to。 【译文】他们明天将让服务人员给办公室装电扇。
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