Text 2_新浪教育

Text 2

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/09/25 20:06 东方飞龙

　　Text 2

　　Occasional selfmedication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some o

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f the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and selfmedication.

　　The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and peoples nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an adverse effect. One is the use of highpressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, overeating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to selfmedication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.

　　Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.

　　These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a persons health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.［445 words］

　　6. The first paragraph is intended to

　　［A］ suggest that selfmedication has a long history.

　　［B］ distinguish between medical prescribing and selfmedication

　　［C］ praise doctors for their expertise.

　　［D］ tell the symptoms from the causes.

　　7. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because

　　［A］ they often watch ads on TV.

　　［B］ they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised

　　［C］ they generally lead a sedentary life.

　　［D］ they dont take to sports and easily catch colds.

　　8. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain

　　［A］ that good things are not without side effects.

　　［B］ why clever advertising is so powerful.

　　［C］ why in modern times selfmedication is still practiced.

　　［D］ why people develop faulty ways of life

　　9. In Paragraph 4 the author illustrates

　　［A］ the reasons for keeping medicines at home.

　　［B］ peoples doubt about taking drugs.

　　［C］ why it may be worse to take drugs by oneself.

　　［D］ the possible harms selfmedication may do to people.

　　10. The best title for the text would be(此题与2002年第45题相仿)

　　［A］ Medical Practice. ［B］ Clever Advertising.

　　［C］ SelfMedication. ［D］ SelfTreatment.

　　-核心及超纲词汇

　　1.symptomn.① 征兆，征候，表征 ② 症兆，症候

　　2.unqualifieda.不合格的, 无资格的, 没限制的［同义］ inexperienced

　　3.prescribevt.①指示 ②规定处(方), 开(药) ③嘱咐, 建议

　　4.essentialn.本质，要素，要点a.①必不可少的，必要的 ②本质的［同义］ physical, substantial, indispensable, requisite, requirement

　　5.therapyn.治疗，疗法［同义］ treatment

　　6.nutritionala.营养的, 滋养的

　　7.parallela.① 平等的，与……平行的［同义］ lying side by side, alongside② (+to) 相同的，类似的［同义］ similar, alike, like, comparative ［反义］ unlike, distinct, differentn. ① 平行线［同义］ parallel line② 类似,相似物［同义］ comparison, analogy, identification, relation, connection, similarity

　　8.pharmaceuticala.药学的,药物的,药用的［同义］ narcotic, medication

　　9.sedentarya.久坐的, 坐惯的, 土生的, 不移栖的, 沉积的

　　10.resortvi. (+to) 求助，凭借，诉诸［同义］ turn to, look to, ask for help fromn. ① 常去之地，胜地 ② 求助的对象，采用的手段 ③ 求助，凭借，诉诸

　　11.steeplyad.险峻地

　　12.laxativea.放松的，通便的

　　13.indigestionn.消化不良