英语：选择关系代(副)词要“左看”“右断”

　　南开中学 段胜利

　　例四：___is known to every body, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　A. It B. As C. That D. What

　　答案B，as引导非限定定语从句，代指后面陈述的事实。

　　例五：Next winter ____ you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure , will be another exciting holiday.

　　A. which B. when C. in which D. where

　　答案A，which在从句中做spent的宾语。本题容易误选B或C。

　　例六：This is Mr. Smith, ________ I think has something interesting to tell you.

　　A. who B. whom C. that D. /

　　答案A，who在从句中做…has something interesting的主语，所以要选择主格的who。

　　2. 判断是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。要注意限制性定语从句的分割现象和非限制定语从句用which不用that的问题，如：

　　例一： The Great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world, which was built in ancient times in Egypt, _____ every tourist likes to visit.

　　A. that B. as C. which D. where

　　答案B。中间插入的非限定定语从句很容易影响关系词的选择，可以先将其去掉，使题干变成：

　　The Great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world _____ every tourist likes to visit.

　　经过这样的变化，很容易看出这是由“such…as”引起的定语从句，故选择B。

　　例二：Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, _____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.

　　A. that B. which C. who D. where

　　答案B。which引导非限定定语从句，代指前面的这个restaurant。本题不能选择A。

　　3. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别，主要是区别that在两种不同的从句中的语法作用。

　　例一：Along with the letter was his promise ____he would visit me this coming Christmas.

　　A.which B.that C.what D.whether

　　答案B，that引导名词从句做同位语，解释promise的内容，本题不能选择A。

　　例二：Greenland，____island in the world，covers over two million square kilometres.

　　A.it is the largest B.that is the largest

　　C.is the largest D.the largest

　　答案D。有些同学误将此句子当成了定语从句，选了B。而如果是非限制性定语从句，必须用关系代词which引导，而不用that。本题the largest island in the world做Greenland的同位语。

　　二、定语从句考试的热点和难点是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

　　很多同学由于没有掌握关系代(副)词选择的方法，做起这样的题，就显得更无从下手，失误率很高。你不妨先做下面5个题，看看自己在这方面有哪些知识和技巧的缺欠。

　　1.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ______ she had come.

　　A. of which B. by which　　　

　　C. in which D. from which

　　2.She was educated at Beijing University, __ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.

　　A. after which B. from which

　　C. from that D. after that

　　3.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____we gave some bells and glasses.

　　A. to which B. to whom

　　C. with whom D. with which

　　4.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.

　　A. in which B. by which

　　C. which D. that

　　5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.

　　A. none of them B. both of them

　　C. none of whom D. neither of whom

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