邻近一致原则

　　考点94： 主谓一致的原则三： 邻近一致原则

　　邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。这一原则在高考中主要体现在以下两个方面：

　　1. 由or等连词连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。

　　主语是由or, either ... or ..., nor, neither ... nor ..., whether ... or ..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also ... 等连接的并列主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定， 例如： One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。// What I say or what I think is no business of yours. 我所说的或者我所想的与你们没关系。// Neither I nor he is to blame. 我和他都不该受责备。// Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。// Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你， 而是你父亲该受责备。// Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了， 他也错了。// Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change. 不仅老师， 而且他的学生都反对这种改变。

　　2. “there/here be”句型中的主谓一致问题。

　　“there/here be”句型中真正的主语在be之后， 如果there/here be后存在并列的主语， 系动词be应与它相邻的主语保持一致， 例如： There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。// Here are some apples and bread for you. 这些苹果和面包是给你的。

　　［考题］ Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. (1989)

　　A. is B. are C. am D. be

　　［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 依照邻近一致原则， 应以并列主语中最靠近谓语动词的部分Jane and Mary(复数形式)决定谓语动词的形式。

　　本章补充强化训练题

　　1. More than one person ____ late for class this morning.

　　A. are B. was C. is D. were

　　2. My friend and classmate Paul ____ motorcycles in his spare time.

　　A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing

　　3. Climbing hills ____ of great help to health.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be

　　4. The injured ____ good care of by some medical teams.

　　A. is taken B. are being taken

　　C. are taking D. is being taken

　　5. The factory, including its machines and buildings, ____ burnt last night.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. was

　　6. Now Tom together with his classmates ____ football on the playground.

　　A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing

　　7. Time and tide ____ for no man.

　　A. wait B. waited C. is waiting D. has waited

　　8. The singer and dancer ____ come to our school.

　　A. have B. has C. were D. was

　　9. How and why Jack came to China ____ not known. And when and where to build the new library ____ not been decided.

　　A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have

　　10. Each man and each woman ____ asked to help when the fire broke out.

　　A. is B. was C. are D. were

　　11. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child ____ about it.

　　A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks

　　12. Two hundred and fifty pounds ____ too unreasonable a price for a second’hand car.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be

　　13. About 60 percent of the students ____ from the south; the rest of them ____ from the north or foreign countries.

　　A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are

　　14. All but Dick ____ in Class Three this term.

　　A. are B. is C. were D. was

　　15. Not only I but also everyone else ____ so.

　　A. say B. says C. have said D. has say

　　16. Either you or he ____ interested in playing chess. ____ you or he fond of music at present?

　　A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is

　　17. We each ____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ____ weak points.

　　A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has

　　18. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that ____ us excited.

　　A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made

　　19. There ____ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.

　　A. are B. is C. has D. have

　　本章补充强化训练题参考答案

　　1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B

　　11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B

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