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英语:第二章 名师手记(四)

http://www.sina.com.cn   2009年08月30日 16:17   新浪教育

  五. 精典名题导解

  1. (2008上海) So much of interest _____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all。

  A. offers Beijing             B.  Beijing offers     C. does Beijing offer     D. Beijing does offer

  考点解析:题干为so…that句式,因so位于句首,因此主句采用部分倒装语序。最佳答案为C。

  2. (2008陕西)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it。

  A. he stopped       B. did he stop         C. stopped he      D. he did stop

  考点解析:题干中含有not...until.。.句式,而且not +until从句位于句首,因此主句采用部分倒装语序。最佳答案为B。

  3. (2008辽宁) Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______。

  A. I was neither                     B. neither was I        C. I was either          D. either was I

  考点解析:前句为否定句,下句不是前句的情况适用于另一主语,因此应用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,最佳答案为B。

  4. (2008重庆) Only when I left my parents for Italy ______ how much I loved them。

  A. I realized            B. I had realized       C. had I realized      D. did I realize

  考点解析:因Only+ when状语从句位于句首,因此主句应采用部分倒装语序,最佳答案为D。

  5. (2009年郑州市高中毕业班第一次质量预测) —How did you enjoy your visit?

  一        in my life had I received such good service from any business。

  A.Few                       B.Never                     C.Only                      D.None

  考点解析:依据题干中had I received谓语采用倒装的信息,可判断空白处填副词Never ,最佳答案为B。

  6. (江西省重点中学协作体2009届高三第一次联考)—It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the cooker。

  —My God!      。

  A.So were you    B.So was I     C.So did I       D.So I did

  考点解析:答语中的My God!暗示说话人同意上句的内容,因此空白处填So I did,表示“天那,我真是(太粗心)”。最佳答案为D。

  7. (2009年江西省南昌市高三调研测试卷) Never before          in greater need of modern public transport than it is today。

  A.has this city been                                 B.this city has been

  C.was this city                                       D.this city was

  考点解析:因含否定意义的词语Never位于句首,因此谓语需用部分倒装语序,句中含副词before多用现在完成时,因此最佳答案为A。

  第十四讲 省略句

  一。考纲要求

  按照考试大纲的要求,考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。

  二。命题导向

  近年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略。

  三。复习要点

  1. 在并列句中,为了避免与第一个分句的相同内容重复,可采用省略谓语,而保留主语和表语或补足语等成分。例如:

  Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested。

  One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the other white。

  在一些并列句中,由于前面已经出现了相同的主语,为了避免重复,后一个分句的主语也常常省略。例如:

  Coral is not a plant, but (it is) a variety of animal life。

  He came into the classroom, (he) sat down and (he) began to read。

  2. 在定语从句中,当先行词在句中作宾语时,可省略关系代词that/whom。例如:

  They talked about the things and people (that) they remembered。

  The doctor did everything (that) he could to save the patient. 

  3. 宾语从句中的省略

  在含有动词“命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, propose),要求(request, demand, require),坚持(insist)希望(desire)”等的名词性从句中,谓语动词通常用should+动词原形,而且should可被省掉。例如:

  It is desired that this rule(should)be brought to the attention of the staff。

  They suggested that he (should) go on a summer camp。

  4. 在表示时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较的状语从句中,如果包含动词be,从句中的主语与主句相同,或者从句的主语为it,就常常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(动词be)省略掉,只保留连词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词。例如:

  ⑴ 时间状语从句

  Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled。

  While (he was) eating breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring

  ⑵ 条件状语从句

  Send the goods if (they are) ready。

  (3) 地点状语从句中

  Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary。

  (4) 让步状语从句中

  Though (he was) poor, he lived a happy life。

  (5) as, as if引导的方式状语从句中

  As (it was) scheduled, they met on the New Year’s Day at the city of Zhengzhou. 

  He opened his lips as if (he was) to say something。

  (6) 比较状语从句中通常省略与前面相同的谓语部分。例如:

  She can hold her breath longer than I (can hold my breath)。

  He is not so busy as he was (busy) last year。

  (7)在表示虚拟条件的状语从句中,把if省略,而将had, were, should 时,句子采用倒装语序。例如:Had I known the news before hand, I would have told you。

  Should you need any help (=if you need any help), you can always phone me at the office。

  Were we to offer you the job, would you take it?

  5. 动词不定式的省略

  在上下文中,为了避免重复前面或后面出现的动词和动词短语,通常在一些包含有动词不定式的结构中,将动词不定式省略,只保留动词不定式符号to。在下面几种情况下只保留不定式符号to:

  (1)上文中出现了某一动词,下文中含有助动词或情态动词如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to 等+动词原形结构,要省去动词原形,只保留不定式符号to。例如:

  I can’t stand as much as I used to。

  (2)在上文中出现了某一动词,下文中含有谓语动词如 want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try 等+不定式作宾语结构,要省去动词不定式,只保留不定式符号to。例如:

  Jack didn’t pass the driving test, but he still hope to。

  (3)上文中出现了某一动词,下文中含有动词如 ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow 等+动词不定式做主补或宾补结构,要省去动词不定式,而保留不定式符号to。例如:Mary wanted to use your new bike, but I asked her not to。

  (4)在对话中,上句话出现过某一动词,答语中含有主语+系动词+形容词+动词不定式结构中,在形容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid 等后的动词不定式要省去动词原形,而保留不定式符号to。例如:—Will you come for a walk?   —I’d love to。

  6 在交际英语中的答语中,往往只保留问句中所提问的部分。例如:

  —Why do you want the book so badly?

  —To study, sir。

  四。注意事项

  1. 在动词不定式省略时,尤其要注意以下两种情况:

  (1)复合句中的主句的主语部分含有实义动词do时,作表语的动词不定式常可省略动词不定式的符号to。例如:All I did was (to) give him a little push。

  (2) 在have no choice but to do sth。(别无选择只好做某事)句型中,动词不定式的符号to不能省略。而在其它情况下, 如果前面出现实义动词do的某种形式如do/did /to do等,后面的动词不定式常可省略动词不定式的符号to。例如:Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 

  (3) 当动词want, like用在连词when, if, what, as等连接的从句时,其后的to也可被省略。例如:I’ve decided to do what I like。

  (4) 在口语中,为了避免重复,常用to代替动词不定式,有时甚至可以省略to。例如:

  —Don’t make any mistakes in your homework, will you?

  —I'll try not to。

  五. 精典名题导解

  1. (2008安徽)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

  —Yes, _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city。

  A. If ever          B. If busy            C. If anything       D. If possible

  考点解析:状语从句If it is possible和if it is necessary通常用省略为:If possible,If necessary, 因此最佳答案为D。

  2.(2008福建) —Who should be responsible for the accident?

  —The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____。

  A. as told           B. as are told        C. as telling            D. as they told

  考点解析:当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,从句可省略主语与助动词,保留“连词+现在分词、过去分词、形容词”等形式。句意为:他们只是按照老板的吩咐做事。状语从句as they were told 省略为as told,因此最佳答案为A。

  3. (2009年郑州市毕业班第二次质量预测) You can go to the party with us if you       。

  A.want to                   B.want to do                     C.want it                    D.want to go

  考点解析:句意为:“如果你想和我们一起参加派对,你就去吧”。前句出现了动词短语:go to the party with us, 因此在if引导的状语从句中该动词不定式短语被省略,只保留动词不定式的符号to, 因此最佳答案为A。

  4. (2009年郑州市毕业班第一次质量预测) It must be somebody’s, but I don’t know       。

  A.who                    B.which                     C.whose                     D.whom

  考点解析:句意为“这肯定是某人的,但是我不知道是谁的”,上句中的somebody’s 暗示应选“whose”, 其实是宾语从句whose (it is)的省略。因此最佳答案为C。

  5. (北京市东城区高中示范校2009届高三质量检测) In the earthquake, parents were willing to do          they could          their children。

  A.whatever; save                                 B.whatever; to save

  C.what; saving                                       D.what; to save

  考点解析:题干中第一空可填whatever,因could后省略了动词do,第二空为动词不定式作目的状语,应填to save,因此最佳答案为A。

  第十五讲  强调句

  一。考纲要求

  按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调。

  二。命题导向

  近年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用。

  三。复习要点

  1. 使用助动词do, does和did 对谓语动词进行强调。例如:

  First impressions really do count。

  Lucy does look nice in that new dress。

  2. 运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分。

  强调句型是英语中的重要句型之一,也是历年高考主要考点。它的基本句型结构为:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。可用用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。在复习强调句型时,要注意以下几个方面:

  (1) 强调句型中的主谓一致

  在强调句型中,当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时,无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数,主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was…,同时,that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。例如: 

  It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble。

  It is not I that/who am to blame for it。

  2. 当对地点状语、时间状语或状语从句进行强调时,只能要用连接词that,而不能用when, where, why或how等。例如:

  It was on August 8, 2008 that 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing。

  It was in the park that I met an old friend of mine。

  It is by bus that my father usually goes to work。

  3. 强调句型的疑问式

  在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为一般疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was +被强调部分that+其它成分”改为“Is/was it that +其它成分? ”或“疑问词+is/was it that +其它成分? ”结构。例如:

  Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?

  When was it that she changed her mind?

  4. 在对not…until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移置until之前,构成:It is/was not until…that…固定句型。注意that从句的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。例如:

  I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses。

  →It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star。

  四. 注意事项

  1. 如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。例如:

  He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake。

  I wonder when it is that we’ll leave for Hongkong。

  2. 强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式

  在强调句型结构中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was…保持一致。例如:

  It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about it, isn’t it?  

  It was his coming that made you all very happy, wasn’t it?

  3. 强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用

  在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构强调句型语定语从句。例如:

  It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her。

  4. 强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析

  当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然成立。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”,原句不能成立。

  It was at 14:28 that the terrible earthquake broke out. (强调句型)

  It was 14:28 when the terrible earthquake broke out. (状语从句)

  五. 精典名题导解

  1. (2008江西) It was announced that only when the fire was under control __   to return to their homes。

  A. the residents would be permitted       B. had the residents been permitted

  C. would be residents be permitted        D. the residents had been permitted

  考点解析:句首的It was announced that为主语从句,在从句中,因为only+when状语从句放在句首,因此需用部分倒装。最佳答案为C。

  2. (2008全国II) It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith。

  A. how       B. that             C. which           D. when

  考点解析:句中含有强调结构,被强调部分是地点状语in New Zealand,因此空白处应填that,最佳答案为B。

  3. (2008重庆) It was not until midnight _      _ they reached the camp site。

  A. while           B. when          C .that           D. as

  考点解析:句中含有强调结构,被强调部分是时间状语not until midnight,因此空白处应填that, 最佳答案为C。

  4. (成都市2009届毕业班第一次诊断性检测) It is exactly the way          we speak           makes our teacher angry. We should be more polite next time。

  A. that;what     B. what; that      C. how; what      D. that; that

  考点解析:题干中含有强调结构,被强调部分是the way,其后跟有定语从句we speak,第一空可填in which/that,也可省略,第二空需填that。

  5. (2009年石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)—        Mr. Barton changed his mind to take part in the movement?

  —After he listened to be speech by Mr. King。

  A. When was that it                    B. When was it that

  C. When was that                       D. When was it

  考点解析:题干为强调句型的疑问结构,正确语序为“疑问词+is/was it that +其它成分”,因此最佳答案为A。

  6. (河北省保定市2009届高三调研考试) —Did you arrive here this morning?

  —Yes, It was at nine o’clock _____we came here。

  A.before         B.when                         C.which             D.that

  考点解析:答语意为:我们在9点钟到达这里。题干含时间状语从句,因此空白处填连词when。

  更多高考信息请访问:新浪高考频道 高考论坛 高考博客圈 高考贴吧

  特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。

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