Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, his historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

　　Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

　　17. From the passage we learn that ____.

　　[A]there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates

　　[B]economy will always follow certain models

　　[C]the economic situation is better than expected

　　[D]economists had foreseen the present economic situation

　　18. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　[A]Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car

　　[B]An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation

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