这其中的一些原因很容易解释。新的工作场所组织方式——包括所有那些重组和缩小规模的做法——只是促进某一个经济实体的综合生产力水平的一项措施，而这种生产力的提高还受到许多其他因素的驱动，如对机械设备的联合投资，采用新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。另外，公司的大部分改革以赢利为目的，而达到赢利的目的不一定总是要提高生产力：转入新的市场或改善产品质量也可以达到同样的效果。

　　另外两种解释则带有更大的猜测性。一种解释认为，近年来一些公司进行的重组也许并未奏效。另一种则认为，即使有所成效，效果也不像人们所设想的那样得到了广泛的推广。

　　哈佛大学学者、发展迅速的美味面包连锁店前任总裁莱昂纳多•施莱辛格说，许多“公司重组”都很粗糙。他认为很多情况下，企业在效益上的损失远远超出了成本的降低。他的同事迈克•比尔说，太多的公司用简单机械的方式进行重组，在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。BBDO的艾尔•罗森夏恩更加直率，他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。

　　Passage 3

　　Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

　　Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics - but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon Haunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University.

　　Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.

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