第二、大厦的框架——分析出题思路，把握做题技巧

　　最能反映出题者思维的复习材料只有真题。无论从难度到出题思路，历年的真题的质量都非常高。许多考生在没有把真题彻底吃透的情况下花了大量的时间和精力去做许多模拟试卷。这种复习方法不仅耗时耗力，事倍功半，而且甚至会因为模拟题的仿真程度不好，导致自己的做题思路发生偏差。因此，建议同学们不要玩题海战术，应该搞懂真题题目和基本的出题思路。目前市面上的模拟题从严格意义上讲没有一本是接近真题的，大量做模拟题只起到安慰剂的作用，但是模拟题又不能不做，因为长时间反复做真题，会失去对第一次拿到新题的新鲜感。故此，做题的总体思路是90%真题，10%模拟题。

　　考研的成败不仅与实力相关，也与技巧密不可分。英语知识的学习没什么技巧，但考试却有，考研也不例外。技巧可以从三个层面来讲：

　　第一个层面是，做阅读时，到底是应该先读问题还是先读文章，不同的人有不同的答案。我们认为，到底采用什么样的顺序，和每个人的水平有关。对于阅读能力很高的人来说，先读文章比较好。读完了文章，对文章的内容有了基本的理解和记住了几乎全部的内容，再去做题，就会比较有把握了。而事实上对于广大考生老说，多数人对文章不能做到基本理解，或者虽然表面文字看懂了，但是做题时大脑一片空白，有效信息掌握薄弱。鉴于此，我们认为应该先读问题，带着问题中的关键词到去读文章。这样做的好处在于：首先，读完问题，通过题目中的大写字母、数字、标志性内容词等会对文章所涉及的内容有个大概的了解；然后带着问题有针对性地去读文章，有的放矢。

　　第二个层面是，读文章时，应该采用什么样的阅读方式。基于试题研究，我们发现，在读文章的时候，应该把握重点：对于文章来讲，首段，各段首句，末句是重点；对于句子来讲，转折句，因果句，长难句、比较句，和“绝对话意义”的句子往往是出题的方向。当读完一篇文章，要问问自己：文章主要围绕什么问题阐述？作者对文章的态度大体方向是什么？读懂文章虽然不是做题正确的核心，但确是做题正确的前提。

　　第三个层面是：以什么样的思路去应付考题。从阅读材料后面所提的问题来看，主要归类以下几个大的方面的问题：主旨题，推理题，细节题，例证题、态度题，举例题，猜词题。但是每个大题型又可以继续细分。考生应该对这些题型的正解特征加以归纳总结。例如：考研英语中涉及到多次的主要原因题，其题目特征是：

　　The passage (author)…………….mainly because____?

　　Which of the following is chiefly responsible for……..?

　　………………………is largely due to________?

　　What is the main reason for ________?

　　由上述真题题目我们可以看出，题目特征相当明显，都出现了表示“主要的”标识词。那么题目特征会引发我们怎么样的思考呢？既然是主要原因，就表明在原文中原因的阐述是不唯一的，至少原因两个以上才具备出主要原因题的前提，同时在四个选项中，可能会有若干个选项都是正确的原因，但正确答案是挑选出最重要的一个原因；那么什么样的原因才是主要原因呢？我们可以从原文对应句中找到规律：我们可以发现，主要原因题正确选项在原文中的对应句往往含有如下标识词：比较级、最高级、转折词、above all等，我们一起看一下历年的例题：

　　1.The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ______________. (96年passage2第4题)

　　A. The emergence of commercial TV channel

　　B. The enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government

　　C. The urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs

　　D. The challenge of new satellite channels

　　原文：Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world round it is changing. The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4---were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels---funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions---which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term

　　2. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large due to _______. (96年passage4第1题)

　　A. elementary schoolsB. enthusiastic workers

　　C. the attractive premium systemD. a special way of thinking

　　原文：Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.

　　3. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?(00年passage4第2题)

　　A. Women’s participation in social activities is limited.

　　B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.

　　C. Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.

　　D. The lifestyle has been influenced by western values.

　　原文： But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyle.

　　4. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ______ (03年passage3第5题)

　　A. The continuing acquisition.

　　B. The growing traffic.

　　C. The cheering Wall Street.

　　D. The shrinking market.

　　原文：many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billons to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on.

　　5. Female capuchin moneys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _____. (05年passage1第3题)

　　A. More inclined to weigh what they get.

　　B. Attentive to researchers’ instructions.

　　C. Nice in both appearance and temperament

　　D. More generous than their male companions.

　　原文：the researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative, creatures, and they share food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

　　上述例题均很好的印证了这类题的做题规律，而且长达十年这一规律都没有发生任何变化。考生们在阅读复习过程中要注意题目的横向联系，不仅要按篇章来阅读，还有把历年的同一类型考题放到一起进行总结，从而发现做题技巧和规律，这样才能更好地保证复习的效率。

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