作者：刁克利

　　SectionⅡ Use of English

　　Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

　　In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.

　　21.［A］thought［B］idea［C］opinion［D］advice

　　22.［A］strengthen［B］accommodate［C］stimulate［D］enhance

　　23.［A］care［B］nutrition［C］exercise［D］leisure

　　24.［A］If［B］Although［C］Whereas［D］Because

　　25.［A］assistance［B］guidance［C］confidence［D］tolerance

　　26.［A］claimed［B］admired［C］ignored［D］surpassed

　　27.［A］improper［B］risky［C］fair［D］wise

　　28.［A］in effect［B］as a result［C］for example［D］in a sense

　　29.［A］displaying［B］describing［C］creating［D］exchanging

　　30.［A］durable［B］excessive［C］surplus［D］multiple

　　31.［A］group［B］individual［C］personnel［D］corporation

　　32.［A］consent［B］insurance［C］admission［D］security

　　33.［A］particularly［B］barely［C］definitely［D］rarely

　　34.［A］similar［B］long［C］different［D］short

　　35.［A］if only［B］now that［C］so that［D］even if

　　36.［A］everything［B］anything［C］nothing［D］something

　　37.［A］off［B］down［C］out［D］alone

　　38.［A］On the contrary［B］On the average

　   　［C］On the whole［D］On the other hand

　　39.［A］making［B］standing［C］planning［D］taking

　　40.［A］capabilities［B］responsibilities［C］proficiency［D］efficiency

　　文章前几句的大概内容是说，老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化。他们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应这些变化。成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。因为他们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别人羡慕他们的成就。

　　21.答案是［A］固定搭配。give serious thought to“认真考虑”。根据句子前后意思和动宾搭配。［B］idea“想法，主意”、［C］opinion“观点，看法”、［D］advice“劝告，意见”都不能和give serious很好地搭配。

　　22.答案是［B］根据多义词词义和上下文内容对应的线索。accommodate“调节，使适应”线索一是和宾语such changes搭配；线索二是选项必须与下文are adjusting to“调节，使适应”意思相同。［A］strengthen加强，巩固、［C］stimulate“刺激，激励”、［D］enhance“提高，增强”都不能符合以上两个条件。

　　23.答案是［C］根据并列句子成分的线索填同义词。选项应该和同一句子前面的movement意思相当。exercise“活动，锻炼”是最佳选择。［A］care、［B］nutrition、［D］leisure显然都不妥当。

　　24.答案是［D］根据上下文句子意思和语法，这是个表示因果关系的主从复合句。Because表示原因，引导原因状语从句。［A］If引导条件句，［B］Although引导让步状语从句，［C］Whereas引导转折句。

　　25.答案是［C］根据句子意思。confidence“信心”，后边同一句子中success和accomplishments可以提示选项。［A］assistance“帮助，协助”、［B］guidance“指导，领导”、［D］tolerance“容忍，宽容”和句子意思及提到的两个词不搭配。

　　26.答案是［B］根据句子意思和词义搭配。admired“赞美，羡慕，夸奖”。［A］claimed“要求，声明”。［C］ignored“忽略，忽视”。［D］surpassed“超越，胜过”。

　　27.答案是［D］根据上下文句子意思和词语用法。wise“明智的，合乎道理的”。这句话大致意思是：然而，青少年的生活本身就已经充满了这么多的竞争，那么，安排的活动如果有更多获胜者该是明智的。其它三个词意思是不当的。

　　28.答案是［C］根据句子逻辑关系和短语用法。for example“例如”，表示例子的列举。［A］in effect“正在实行；实际上”。［B］as a result“结果”。［D］in a sense“在某一方面，就某种意义上来说”。

　　29.答案是［A］根据词语动宾搭配。displaying“展示，展出”，和后面的宾语student artwork相搭配，“展出学生自己动手做的工艺品”。［B］describing“描述，描写”。［C］creating“创造，创作”。［D］exchanging“交流，交换”。

　　30.答案是［D］根据词语意思和搭配。multiple“多种多样的”provide multiple opportunities for leadership,“为锻炼领导才能提供很多机会”。［A］durable“持久的，耐久的”。［B］excessive“过多的，额外的”。［C］surplus“过剩的，剩余的”。

　　31.答案是［A］根据词语意思和搭配。group这里表示“团队，小组”活动。与上题思路相同。［B］individual“个人的，单独的”。［C］personnel“人员，职员”。［D］corporation“合作，公司”。

　　32.答案是［D］根据句子的完整意思和词语用法。security“安全感，保护”，句子主语中的shy students可以提示答案选项。［A］consent“赞同，同意”。［B］insurance“保险，保证”。［C］admission“准许，许可”。

　　33.答案是［B］根据句子意思和词语用法。barely“仅仅，只是”和后面的形容词短语搭配。barely visible“只是露露面”。［A］particularly“独特地，显著地”、［C］definitely“肯定地，确定地”、［D］rarely“很少地，罕见地”，三个选项或者和后面的短语都不能搭配，或者不符合整个句子的意思。

　　34.答案是［D］根据句子意思和词语搭配。the young teens have short attention spans“孩子们的注意力集中的时间很短”。attention spans“注意力集中的时间”。［A］similar“相似的，类似的”、［B］long、［C］different这三项和句子意思是不合适的。

　　35.答案是［C］根据语法和词义。so that“目的，为的是”。这句话意思是：应该组织各种各样的活动，好让参加者能尽可能长时间地保持活跃。［A］if only表示条件和假设。［B］now that“既然”。［D］even if“即使”。

　　36.答案是［D］根据句子意思和词语用法。something else“别的事情”。［B］anything、［C］nothing能与else搭配，但意思和句子不符合。

　　37.答案是［B］根据词义搭配。down“沮丧，意志消沉”，let sb. down固定搭配，“让人沮丧，不高兴”，without letting the other participants down意思是：不让别的参加者感到沮丧。其它三项与let搭配的意思分别是：［A］off“离开”。［C］out“出局，淘汰”。［D］alone“独自呆着”。

　　38.答案是［A］根据句子上下文的逻辑关系和句子意思。On the contrary“相反”，这句话意思大致是：这并不是说成年人不必承担责任，相反，他们可以帮助学生培养责任心。［B］On the average“平均来说，一般地”。［C］On the whole“总的来说，大体上”。［D］On the other hand“另一方面”。

　　39.答案是［C］根据上下文逻辑和词语搭配。planning for roles“安排任务，分配任务”，第一段第27个选项后面有plan activities可作提示。［A］making、［B］standing、［D］taking和后面的介词+宾语不能搭配。

　　40.答案是［A］根据词义。capabilities“能力”短语，roles that are within their capabilities“他们力所能及的任务”。［B］responsibilities“责任，职责”。［C］proficiency“熟练程度，精通”。［D］efficiency“效率，功效”。

　　解题思路回顾：

　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21(固定词语搭配)to how they can best 22(线索一是和宾语such changes搭配；线索二是选项必须与下文are adjusting to“调节，使适应”意思相同)such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23(选项应该和同一句子前面的movement意思相当), but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24(选项引导原因状语从句)they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25(后边同一句子中success和accomplishments可以提示选项)that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26(句子意思和词义搭配)by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27(根据上下文句子意思和词语用法) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,28(选项表示例子的列举), publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29(动宾搭配) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30(词语意思和搭配)opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31(词语意思和搭配) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32(句子逻辑) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33(根据句意和词语用法) visible in the background.

　　In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34(上下文句意) attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35(目的) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36(上下文逻辑和词语用法)else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37(固定搭配). This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.38(根据上下文的逻辑关系，选项表示相反的意思) they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39(根据上下文逻辑，参考选项27后的词语搭配) for roles that are within their 40(根据句子和词义) and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.

　　21.［A］thought 22.［B］accommodate23.［C］exercise 24.［D］Because

　　25.［C］confidence26.［B］admired 27.［D］wise

　　28.［C］for example29.［A］displaying30.［D］multiple 31.［A］group

　　32.［D］security 33.［B］barely 34.［D］short 35.［C］so that

　　36.［D］something 37.［B］down38.［A］On the contrary

　　39.［C］planning40.［A］capabilities

　　作者简介

　　刁克利 中国人民大学外国语学院副教授，博士。发表有英美文学和西方文艺理论论文多篇，出版有十余部译著和教材。主要译著有：《哈克贝利·芬历险记》、《文明的开端》、《道德智商》、《相信吉宁斯》和吉宁斯转学》等，参编教材有《外国文学阅读与欣赏》、《影视艺术鉴赏》等。

　　长期担任考研辅导班主讲，参加编写考研应试辅导书多部。主要有《写作》、《英语知识运用与英汉翻译》等。

　　本文选自聚焦考研系列《考研英语100%--英语知识运用 英汉翻译 写作》。

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