考研听力特点

　　根据2002、2003年考研大纲以及2002年1月26日的真题来看，考研听力有以下三个特点：

　　一、语速较快

　　其中2002和2003年大纲样题的语速约为170单词/分钟。2002年真题的语速约为160单词/分钟。这比大家熟悉的四、六级的语速要快很多。四级语速为120-150单词/分钟，但是大部分接近120-130。六级语速为150-180单词/分钟，但大部分为160左右。所以，大家应该着重练习语速在每分钟160个单词以上的材料。新东方的校训是让大家在绝望中找寻希望，但我对它的诠释为：平时gloomy考试时才能happy。如果平时练习的材料过于简单，考试时，同学们肯定回感到非常郁闷。

　　二、语音开始丰富

　　2002和2003年大纲样题中都出现了两种不同的口音。虽然两种口音都不是纯正的英音和美音，但是非常接近。2002年真题在试音阶段有两种语音：英音和美音。不过读试题原文的一男、一女的口音属于比较标准的美音。另外，在2002年六月份进行的六级考试中也出现了英音。因此，我要在此提请大家注意：按照英音或美音来纠正自己的发音，那么您就可以听懂任何口音。

　　三、题型多样化

　　大家以前遇到的听力考试大部分都只有一种题型：四选一，而且只有选项没有题干。如今，考研听力中出现了三种题型：表格填空、回答问题或完成句子、有题干的选择题。同学们面对这三种题型都会有不同程度的困难。其中针对填空和回答问题，许多人的困难是听、写不能兼顾；对于选择题，人们不能听、读兼顾。

　　针对考研听力的不同特点以及同学们将会遇到的困难，笔者将会在后面的基础条件和解题思路中进行详细的论述，并提供解决办法。

　　测试内容

　　考生应该能够根据所听材料：

　　1)理解主旨要义；

　　2)获取事实性的具体信息；

　　3)理解明确或隐含的概念性含义；

　　4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；

　　5)理解说话人的态度、观点和意图。

　　其中前两种信息比较容易抓住，因为它们表述的较为直接。第三种信息通常较难把握，题干中经常会出现inferred，implied等词，同学们需要理解所听内容，然后根据字面意思得到引申含义。第四种信息通常需要您把握多条信息，才能推导出答案。第五种信息则需要同学们把握说话人所使用的单词和语气，才能判断其态度。

　　下面，我将根据2002年考研听力真题阐述其基本测试内容：

　　考研听力测试由A、B、C三部分组成。

　　Part A占5分，主要测试考生理解具体信息的能力。听力材料为一段180-220个单词的独白或对话。因为只需填写一个单词或数字，另外可以听两遍材料，所以该部分较为容易。2002年的真题中的Part A共有195个单词。内容是关于美国学者Margaret Welch的生平。五道题考试内容如下：

　　听力原文及答案如下：

　　Margaret Welch was born in Philadelphia in 1901. (Q1) She began her studies at DePauw University in 1919. But after a year, she transferred to study at Bernard University, majoring in Sociology. She received her undergraduate degree from Bernard in 1923. She ultimately acquired a Ph.D. from Columbia University in1929. She married Dr. Reo Fortune in 1928. (Q2) Together they wrote Growing Up in New Guinea, published in 1930. Welch worked with her husband on another book called Balanese Character that was published in 1942. (Q3) At the age of 23, Dr. Welch undertook a field study in the South Pacific. The experience resulted in her writing of her highly popular book Coming of Age in Somoa, published in 1928. (Q4) Dr. Welch's interest and writings mainly centered on religions. She worked in the Department of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History from 1926 through to the end of her life. (Q5) She was a professor of Anthropology at Columbia, starting in the year of 1954 working with her old associate Ruth Benidict. She wrote a book entitled An Anthropologist at Work about Benidict. It was published in 1959. Margaret Welch died in 1978.

　　答案：

　　1, Sociology 2, 1930 3, 23 4, religions 5, 1954

　　在这五道题中，只有第三和第四道题稍有难度。因为在原文中，她做考察的年龄出现在图表中所提供的定位信息之前。而关于她的主要兴趣，原文中用了一个词组centered on，因为这个词组中间需要连读，所以很多考生未能抓住此条信息。其他三道题都非常容易。

　　Part B占5分，主要测试考生理解特定、具体或总体信息的能力；同时它还测试考生的听写能力(类似于四、六级考试中的复合式听写)。听力材料为一段280-320单词的独白或对话。录音材料也放两遍。该部分为一段274个单词的独白，其中5个问题如下：

　　1，Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker's home?

　　2，One reporter got to the speaker's apartment pretending to pay_____

　　3，The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking_____

　　4，Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?

　　5，According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the editors and the news editors______

　　Part B听力原文及答案如下：

　　When I was getting divorced in 1975, (Q1) reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the side walk outside. They came from all over the country. Foreign reporters, too. It was terrible. My neighbors could barely get in and out of the building. (Q2) One reporter, who had been a friend of mine, got up to my apartment after persuading the doormansintosbelieving that he was there on a personal visit. I wouldn't let him in. He just wanted to talk, he said. (Q3) I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed. I just couldn't believe this attempt to invade my privacy. TV is the worst. TV reporters present themselves asshavingsthe perfect right to be anywhere, to ask any question. It doesn't matter how personal the matter may be. People don't trust the press the way they used to. In most cases, stories are sensationalized insgroupsto attract more public attention. Some papers print things that simply are not true. (Q4) In many papers, if a correction has to be made, it's usually buried among advertisements. I've received hundred of letters from people asking me" How do you know what's true in the press these days?" I find it difficult to respond sometimes. I tell them that there are good newspapers and serious, responsible and honest reporters. Don't judge all of us by the standards of the bad ones. (Q5) Unless the guys at the top-the editors and news directors-take firm action, pretty soon no one's going to believe anything they read in the papers or see on the television news.

　　答案：

　　1, cameramen/camera men 2, a personal visit 3, depressed

　　4, among advertisements 5, take firm action

　　在这5道题中，只有第二道题预测较难。因为pay后面有可能跟的内容有很多。而且在原文中，我们用来定位的介词是on。其余4道题都较容易定位。

　　Part C占10分，考察的能力也最为全面。它主要测试考生获取特定信息、主旨要义、推测或判断说话人意图、观点或态度的能力。该部分有3段独白或对话，每段200-300个单词。考研听力的选择题与其它听力考试最本质的区别在于：试卷上既有选项又有题干，这为考生提前预判提供了极为有利的条件。

　　11-13题

　　11，What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?

　　A How much exercise they get every day

　　B What they are most worried about

　　C How long their parents accompany them daily

　　D What entertainment they are interested in

　　12, The academy suggests that children under age two

　　A get enough entertainment

　　B have more activities

　　C receive early education

　　D have regular checkup

　　13, According to the report, children's bedrooms should

　　A be no place for play

　　B be near a common area

　　C have no TV sets

　　D Have a computer for study

　　这3道题中，第一道题很简单。第二道题直接定位不能得到答案，第三道题则需要考生理解electronic media-free与have no TV sets之间的同义关系。

　　14-16题

　　14，According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?

　　A Family debts

　　B Bank savings

　　C Monthly bills

　　D Spending habits

　　15, How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit?

　　A ,000

　　B ,000

　　C ,000

　　D ,000,000

　　16, What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?

　　A Investsintosa mutual fund

　　B Use the discount tickets

　　C Quit his eating-out habit

　　D Use only paper bills and save coins

　　这三道题中，只有第15题很简单。第14题定位时需要理解cut corners的含义。第16题则需要排除B，D两个迷惑项。其中D选项非常具有迷惑性，因为coins和changes之间的差别实在是很细微。

　　17-20题

　　17，Which word best describes the lawyer's prediction of the change in divorce rate?

　　A Fall

　　B Rise

　　C V-shape

　　D Zigzag

　　18, What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?

　　A To embrace changes of thought

　　B To adapt to the disintegrated family life

　　C To return to the practice in the '60s and '70s

　　D To create stability in their lives

　　19, Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?

　　A They feared the complicated procedures

　　B They wanted to go against the trend

　　C They were afraid of losing face

　　D They were willing to stay together

　　20, years ago a divorced man in a company would have]

　　A been shifted around the country

　　B had difficulty being promoted

　　C enjoyed a happier life

　　D tasted little bitterness of disgrace

　　这四道题中，前三道题都非常容易。只有第20题要注意用years ago去定位就可以了。

　　Part C的听力原文及答案如下：

　　Questions 11-13

　　Next time you bring your kids for a check-up, don't be surprised if the doctor asks about their tastes in entertainment. The American Academy of Medicine suggested last week that doctors work with parents to evaluate how much TV kids watch and what they see, what video and computer games they play, which websites they visit on the internet, whether they view R-rated videos without the company of their parents, what music they like and what books they read. Doctors are worried that kids who spend too much time in front of the tube don't get enough exercises, and can become overweight. The Academy is also concerned that the messages kids get from entertainment media can make them more violent and sexually active. The Academy recommends that children under age 2 not watch any TV. "Children need activities to stimulate their brain during the first two years of life," says Dr. Miriam Barren, who chairs the Academy's Committee on Public Education. "They need feedback and socialization." Older children, she says, should watch TV in a common area. Their bedrooms should be "electronic media-free" zonesswheresthey can have a quiet place to read, study, play or just relax.

　　Questions 14-16

　　If you are in your twenties, you own your first car, your career is more or less launched, and you are starting to look forward to owning a home, but you are worried, too. Perhaps you've got some debt. You probably don't have much in the way of savings, and with all your expenses, it doesn't look like you'll be able to improve that situation soon. If you wonder how to cut corners, there's an obvious place to look---at your spending habits. Do you buy a soda each weekend? Waste one dollar a day for forty years, and when you are set to retire, you'll find your account is short by by 190,000 dollars. Grab a calculator and you'll discover that, over forty years, going out to dinner twice a month at forty dollars each time amounts to half a million. Even a pack-a-day cigarette habit will lighten your retirement account by 330,000 dollars. And the same with cable TV and those cool earrings. They will probably amount to as much as one million. So, the first clue to accumulating wealth is this: focus on your spending habits. Here are a couple of tricks to help you save even if you swear you can't afford to. Stop buying things that fall rather than rise in value. Pay yourself first. Before you pay the monthly bills, send 25 dollars to a mutual fund. Stop spending coins. From now on, spend only paper currency, and keep the change every day. Get your family involved, and you'll double your savings. Use discount tickets at the supermarket, but use them correctly. How? If you really want to make these tickets worthwhile, you actually must investsintosyour mutual funds the amount you save by using the tickets. Otherwise, you are wasting your time and your money.

　　Questions 17-20

　　Interviewer: Mr. Gliberman, do you see any change in the high rate of broken marriages?

　　Gliberman: The divorce rate is beginning to level off and probably will begin to drop in the next year or two, though not significantly. The tight economy has made it more difficult for troubled couples to handle all the costs associated with setting up separate households. Also, I believe there's a comeback of thought, after the turbulence of 60's and 70's, that the family does have value. In the midst of change and family disintegration, people seem to have a greater desire now to create stability in their lives.

　　Interviewer: What is the divorce rate now?

　　Gliberman: About 1 in 3 marriages ends in divorce, a ratio far higher than it was twenty years ago when the philosophy was "we will tough it out no matter what. Society demands that, for appearance's sake, we stay together. " Divorce no longer carries much disgrace. There's no way, for example, that Ronald Reagan, a divorced man, could have been elected president in 1960. And there are countless other divorced politicians who years ago would have been voted out of office if they had even considered a divorce, let alone gotten one. The same was true in the corporate structureswheresdivorced people rarely moved up the executive ladder. Now corporations welcome a divorced man, because they can shift him around the country without worrying about relocating his family or making certain that they are happy.

　　答案：

　　11, D 12, B 13, C 14, D 15, B 16, A 17, A 18, D 19, C 20, B

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