新东方名师详解2003年考研英语阅读真题 | ||
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http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/04/16 14:24 新东方教育在线 | ||
作者:范猛 TEXT 1 第一部分 文章背景 内容分类社会科学--传播学,网络间谍 本文来自于新闻报道,是一篇新闻体的文章。它具有较强的时效性,主要讲述当今网络间谍行业的发展情况。 第二部分 语言点详解 1.Strategic 战略的,合于战略的 大纲词汇:strategy n.战略,策略,谋略 经典例句:He is skilled in strategy. 2.lay the roots for 扎根于 3.fascinate 使着迷,使神魂颠倒 衍生词汇:fascinating adj.迷人的,醉人的 fascination n.着迷,魅力,魔力 经典例句:The child was fascinated by all toys in the shop. 4. give birth to生产(婴儿),产生,造成 经典例句:He gave birth to a brilliant idea. 5. intelligence 智力,才智,消息,情报 衍生词汇:intelligent adj.有智力的,有才智的,聪明的 intelligible adj.易了解的,易领悟的 经典例句:She shows little intelligence in Greek. 6. influential 有影响的,有权势的 大纲词汇:influence (on)影响,感化,势力,权势 经典例句:He is an influential politician. 7. compile 编辑,搜索 大纲词汇:compile vt.编辑,搜索 衍生词汇:compiler n.编纂者,编辑 compilation n.编辑,编制,编纂 经典例句:It take years to compile a good dictionary. 8. margin 余地,幅度,边缘,页边空白 大纲词汇:margin n.余地,幅度,边缘,页边空白 衍生词汇:marginal adj.记在页边的,边缘的 经典例句:He escaped defeat by a narrow margin. 9. splash 溅,飞溅声 大纲词汇:splash n.溅,飞溅声v.溅,泼 扩充词汇:make a splash炫耀(尤指)财富,摆阔,摆排场 经典例句:The mud splashed her dress. 10. prediction 预言,预测,预报 大纲词汇:predict v.预言,预测,预报 扩充词汇:foretell ,forecast, forebode v.预言,预测 经典例句:The radio report predicts snow is coming. 11.mutual 相互的,彼此的,共同的 大纲词汇:mutual adj.相互的,彼此的 扩充词汇:mutual suspicion互相猜疑 mutual affection 互爱 经典例句:I love her and I believe the feeling is mutual. 12. reinforce 增援,加强,加固 大纲词汇:reinforce v.增援,加强 经典例句:The roof was reinforced with concrete. 13.vacuum 真空,真空状态 大纲词汇:vacuum n.真空,真空吸尘器 扩充词汇:vacuum cleaner真空吸尘器 vacuum tube 真空管 14.dramatic 戏剧的,戏剧性的,剧烈的 大纲词汇:dramatic adj.戏剧的,戏剧性的,剧烈的 扩充词汇:drama n.剧本,戏剧,戏剧性事件或场面 drastic adj.激烈的,严厉的 经典例句:He has made dramatic progress in English. 15.declaration 宣言,宣布,声明 大纲词汇:declaration n.宣言,宣布,声明 declare v.宣布,宣告,声明;断言,宣称 经典例句:Britain declared war on Germany on September 3,1939。 16. take pride in 以为骄傲 经典例句:I take pride in my job. 17. emergence 出现,现出,显露 大纲词汇:emerge v.出现,现出,显露 经典例句:No new ideas emerged during the talks. 18. restore 恢复,使回复,归还,交还;修复,重建 大纲词汇:restore v.恢复,使回复,归还,交还;修复,重建 经典例句:He is going to restore an employee to her old position. 19. pastime 消遣,娱乐 大纲词汇:pastime n.消遣,娱乐 经典例句:Fishing is her favorite pastime. 20. revive重兴,复生 大纲词汇 revive v.恢复;使复苏 经典例句:The drooping flowers revived in water. 21.nonconformist不遵从社会标准者 大纲词汇:conform v. (to)遵守,依照,符合,顺应 经典例句:His manners conform to my ideal. 22.efficient 有能力的,能胜任的 大纲词汇:efficient adj.有能力的,能胜任的 经典例句:He is very efficient worker. 第三部分 难句解析 1.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.结构剖析本句的主干结构是The American spymaster was fascinated with information。Spymaster的后边是一个定语从句,定于从句里包含由and连接的两个并列句。 阅读重点本句一共出现了3个动词,分别是built,laid和was fascinated。应该注意体会它们的逻辑关系。本句的谓语动词是was fascinated,应该首先把它找出来。built和laid处于并列关系,它们的主语是spymaster。 参考译文这位美国超级间谍对情报尤为着迷。他在二战中创建了战略服务处,也是后来的中央情报局的奠基人。 2.These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. 结构剖析句子的主干是the Net is reshaping Donovans vocation。两个逗号之间是一个非限定性定语从句,用来补充说明the Net。 阅读重点本句应该重点体会逗号在阅读当中的一个用法。两个逗号之间是补充说明成分时,在阅读过程中可以先跳过不读。这样的话可以较迅速地把握出该句的主干结构。 参考译文互联网已经改变了像购书和寄信这样的日常消遣,现在也正在改变Donovan所从事的职业。 3.The winner ,by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solution, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. 结构剖析本句的主干结构是The winner was a tiny Virginia company。Company的后边有一个过去分词短语和一个定语从句共同修饰它。 阅读重点应该重点体会company后边的修饰成分,紧随company之后的是一个过去分词短语作它的后置定语,同时还有一个whose引导的定语从句,也用来限定修饰company.参考译文以明显优势赢得比赛的是一家位于弗吉尼亚的小公司,名叫"公开渠道咨询公司",它的明显优势就是对电子世界的全面把握。 4.Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing ,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. 结构剖析此处的whereby相当于by which, by what即凭什么。所以本句的主干部分是逗号前边的部分,逗号的后边进一步补充说明。on the chance的意思是也许能够(做到某事);希望能够(做到某事),后边经常接that引导的从句。 阅读重点本句应该重点体会whereby以及on the chance的用法。back-and-forthing在此外应译为“往来公文” 参考译文straitford公司的简报不同于华盛顿的常规往来公文,在各部门出言谨慎,尽量避免激烈的措辞。 TEXT 2 第一部分 文章背景 内容分类时文--自然科学--动物保护 本文在第一段就鲜明提出自己的论点,第二段举例说明,然后在最后两段提出了行动建议。 第二部分 语言点详解 1.paraphrase 释意,意译,解述 大纲词汇:phrase n.短语,词语,习语 扩充词汇:paradox n.似非而是的话 paragraph n.段,节;小新闻,短评 2.triumph 胜利,成功 大纲词汇:triumph n.胜利,成功;v.得胜,战胜 扩充词汇:triumphant a.得胜的,得意洋洋的 经典例句:They achieved a great triumph. 3. misguided 误导的 大纲词汇:guide v.为……引路,指导,引导 n.领路人,指南,导游 经典例句:She guided her business to success. 4. advocate 倡议者,鼓吹者 大纲词汇:advocate n.倡议者,鼓吹者 v.提倡,鼓吹 经典例句:I don't advocate your going there. 5.argument 争论,辩论;论据,论点 大纲词汇:argument n.争论,辩论;论据,论点 扩充词汇:argue v.争论,辩论;主张;说服 经典例句:There are many arguments for and against smoking. 6. allegation 声称,宣称 大纲词汇:allege v.宣称,提出 经典例句:She still alleges that she is innocent. 7. perplex 使困惑,使复杂化 大纲词汇:perplex v.使困惑,使复杂化 经典例句:They are worried and perplexed by his behavior. 8. deliberate 故意的 大纲词汇:deliberate a.故意的,深思熟虑的 经典例句:He is a man deliberate in dealings with others. 9. booth 摊位 大纲词汇:booth n.电话亭,货摊 10.Brochure 小册子 大纲词汇:brochure n.小册子 经典例句:Here are some travel brochures. 11.Immunization 免疫 大纲词汇:immune a.免疫的,有免疫力的;不受影响的;免除的 经典例句:It is not immune to that sort of failing . 12. epidemic 流行病,传播 大纲词汇:epidemic n.流行病,传播 a.流行性的,传染的 经典例句:We should take steps to avoid the epidemic disease. 13.bypass 侧路,侧管 大纲词汇:bypass n.旁路,迂回的旁道 经典例句:Let's bypass that proposal, ignore it 14.lest 唯恐,免得 大纲词汇:lest conj.唯恐,免得 经典例句:Make a note of it lest you forget. 15.deceptive 欺骗的,蒙蔽的 大纲词汇:deceive v.欺骗,蒙蔽 deceit n.欺骗,欺骗行为 经典例句:I have been deceived in you , and I have found that you were not what I thought you were. 16. ultimate 最后的,最终的 大纲词汇:ultimate a.最后的,最终的,根本的 经典例句:This is the ultimate result of their labors. 17.extinguish 熄灭,消灭 大纲词汇:extinguish v.熄灭,消灭 经典例句:His hope has been extinguished. 18. doom 厄运 大纲词汇:n.厄运,劫数v.注定,命运 经典例句:Life is full of doom and gloom. 19. inevitable 不可避免的,必然发生的 大纲词汇:inevitable a.不可避免的,必然发生的 经典例句:It is inevitable that some changes will take place. 20.vicious 恶毒的,凶残的 大纲词汇:vicious a.恶毒的,凶残的 经典例句:She gave the dog a vicious kick. 21.ignorance 无知,愚昧;不知道 大纲词汇:ignorance n.无知,愚昧;不知道 衍生词汇:ignore v.不理,不顾,忽视 ignorant a.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的 经典例句:His mistake was due to ignorance. 第三部分 难句分析 1.All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. 结构剖析本句的谓语动词是后边的is。主语中心词是all,all的后边接了一个hat引导的定语从句。谓语动词is的后边是一个表语从句。 阅读重点此句话不长,但是结构并不简单。要想把意思看透彻应该从抓主干成分开始,然后仔细琢磨词与词之间的修饰关系。同时还应体会两个that的用法不同。 第一个that在定语从句当中充当主语,第二个that是引导表语从句的,不充当成分。 参考译文那些给人带来误导的运动之所以能够得逞,就是因为好人没有采取行动。 2.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates , whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge. 结构剖析逗号的前边是主句,主句可以缩为Scientists need to respond to advocates。逗号的后边是一个非限定性定语从句,whose指代的是animal rights advocates。And把confusing和threatening连接了起来。 阅读重点体会一下thereby的用法。从此句中可以看出thereby并没有连接句子,它是副词,表示借以,由此,在那一点上,在那一方面,相当于by that means, in that connection。 参考译文科学家需要对动物权力倡导者做出强有力的反击,因为这些人的言论蛊惑人心,因而也威胁到了健康医疗知识方面的进步。 2.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals---no meat ,no fur ,no medicines. 结构剖析本句的主干结构是a woman was distributing a brochure。Brochure的后边跟了一个that引导的定语从句,限定修饰brochure。Anything的后边也接一个定语从句限定修饰anything。 阅读重点staff在此句中作动词使用,意思为provide with ,act as。现在分词短语staffing an animal rights booth作woman的后置定语。 参考译文比如说,在最近的一次街头集市上,一位供职于动物权力摊位的像祖母一样的女士在分发宣传小册子,鼓励读者不要使用任何涉及动物或者用动物做实验的物品-----不要吃肉,不要穿毛皮,不要吃药。 3.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 结构剖析本句的主干结构在最后一个逗号的后边,即animal research seemswasteful at best and cruel at worst。To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines,此部分的主干成分是to those ,those的后边跟了一个who引导的定语从句。 阅读重点…at best…at worst是一个非常地道的英文表达形式,可以译为往最好的方面看……往最坏的方面看……。 参考译文对那些没有意识到需要通过动物研究才能开发出这样的治疗方案,才能开发新方案和新疫苗的人来说,动物研究往最好的方面看也只是浪费,往最坏的方面看则是残酷。 4.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. 结构剖析本句是由because连接的两个句子。主句的主干结构是the health research community should recruit to its cause not only…but…。Stephen Cooper的后边接了一个who引导的非限定性定语从句,用来补充说明他的情况。 阅读重点本句是本篇文章中最长的一个句子,有一定的难度。阅读的突破点还是应该努力抓其最核心的主干部分。另外还要抓住not only…but…之间的平行结构。 参考译文最后,因为投下赌注的最终还是病人,所以医学研究界不但要努力邀请像Stephen Cooper这样的知名人士来支持自己的事业(他已经勇敢的做出了动物研究价值的有关声明),还力图得到所有接受医疗的人的支持。 TEXT 3 第一部分 文章背景 内容分类社会科学----经济学 本文主要论述了近几年铁路公司的合并现象,并且对比了支持合并的一方同发货商一方态度的不同。阅读本文是应该注意体会双方不同的态度以及作者的立场。 第二部分 语言点详释 1.Combine 使结合,联合,化合 大纲词汇:combine v.使结合,联合,化合 衍生词汇:combination n.结合,联合,化合 经典例句:You should combine theory with practice. 2. monopoly 垄断,专卖 大纲词汇:monopoly n.垄断,专卖 构词方法:mono-前缀,单独 衍生词汇:monotonous a.单调的 经典例句:No one nation has a monopoly on brains. 3. freight 运费 大纲词汇:freight n.货物,客货,运费 扩充记忆:freight transport货物运送 freight train:货运火车 4.substantial 实质的,坚固的 大纲词汇substance n.物质,实质;财产,财物 substantial a.实质的,坚固的 经典例句:Was what you saw something substantial or only a ghost? 5..coordinate 使平等,使协调 大纲词汇:coordinate a.同等的,并列的;坐标的 n.坐标 构词方法co-前缀共同 cooperate v.合作,协作,相配合 经典例句:You should coordinate the movements of the arms and legs when swimming. 6. fierce 激烈的 大纲词汇:fierce a.激烈的,凶猛的,残忍的,强烈的 经典例句:The competition is very fierce. 7.consolidation 巩固,加强 大纲词汇:consolidate v.巩固,加强 经典例句:He is trying to consolidate his influence in the company. 8.. appeal to恳求 大纲词汇:appeal to恳求,吸引 经典例句:I appeal to you to contribute to the new clinic. 9.. captive 被俘虏的 大纲词汇:captive a.被俘虏的,被监禁的 n.俘虏 经典例句:We have took the enemy captive. 10.extreme 极端的 大纲词汇:extreme a .极端的;末端的,尽头的 n.极端,最大程度 经典例句:She is extreme in her views. 11.discrimination 区别 大纲词汇:discriminate v.区别,辨别;歧视 经典例句:You shouldn't discriminate against the minority group. 12. subscribe 订购,订阅 大纲词汇:subscribe v.订购,订阅 经典例句:He subscribed fifty dollars to a local charity. 13.flourish 繁荣 大纲词汇:flourish v.繁荣 经典例句:Shakespeare flourished in the reign of Elizabeth I. 14.Arbiter 仲裁者,权威者 大纲词汇:arbitrary a.任意的,专断的 经典例句:He has an arbitrary character. 15.transaction 办理,处理 大纲词汇:transaction n.办理,处理;交易,事务 扩充记忆:transaction of business业务处理 cash transactions 现金交易 16.Indignant 愤慨的 大纲词汇:Indignant a.愤慨的,愤慨不平的 衍生词汇:indignation n.愤怒,愤慨 经典例句:She was indignant at the way she had been treated. 17.. apprehensive 忧虑的,担心的 大纲词汇:apprehension n.忧虑,担心;理解,领悟 经典例句:She wears an apprehensive expression. 第三部分 难句分析 1.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. 结构剖析本句是由三个分句构成的,分别由but和and两个连接词连接。 第一个分句中complain的后边跟了一个that引导的宾语从句。 阅读重点阅读逗号较多的句子时,抓出其中的连词也是一种方法。虽然本句话看上去较乱,但是抓住了but和and层次感也就出来了。"have……by the throat"在此外译为"卡住……的脖子,主宰……" 参考译文但是许多发货上都抱怨说,运输像煤炭,化肥和粮食这样的大宗货物时,通过公路来运输成本太高,而铁路公司因此会主宰一切。 2.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. 结构剖析本句是由三个分句构成的,分别由but和and两个连接词连接。第一个分句较长,可以缩句为shippers have the right。Shipper的后边跟了一个who引导的定语从句。 阅读重点本句的结构与上句非常相像。阅读的时候建议还是先抓出两个连词,然后再各个分句逐个击破。 参考译文那些感觉自己正在被敲诈的发货商有权力向联邦政府的交通运输协会提出指控,要求降低费率,但是这样做费用很高,过程耗时,而且只在极个别的案例中有效。 3.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 结构剖析这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。主句的主干是shippers would do so。Shipper的后边接了一个who引导的定语从句。最后一个逗号的后边是一个现在分词短语作状语。 阅读重点最后一个逗号的后边有两个现在分词,但是用法有所不同。Leaving sb. to do sth.这个现在分词短语充当状语。而remaining这个现在分词时作customers的定语,可以译为剩余的客户。 参考译文他们争论说,如果对所有的客户都收取一样平均的费用,那些可以转向公路或者其它交通手段的发货商就会这么做,致使剩余的客户承担维持铁路经营的成本费用。 4.It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. 结构剖析本句是由but连接的两个分句。第一个分句的主干部分是It's theory后边紧跟了一个which引导的定语从句。But后边的分句的主语是it,谓语是leave。Determining的后边接了两个并列的宾语从句:which companies will flourish and which will fail。 阅读重点要注意subscribe的用法,它作订阅或订购意思讲的时候,是不及物动词,后面应该接to,比如说subscribe to China Daily,此处应该引申译为采取adopt;它作及物动词时候表示捐献,比如:subscribe fifty dollars to a local charity。 参考译文:经济学家采纳了这种作法,但实际上这使得铁路公司可以决定哪些公司繁荣兴旺,哪些公司濒临倒闭。 TEXT 4 第一部分 文章背景 内容分类:社会科学----死亡问题 本文阐名了死亡是人生不可避免的这一观点,然后具体说明了许多美国人想回避死亡,随后提出自己的主张,即国家不要在涉及死亡的医疗研究上投入太多。 第二部分 语言点详解 1.pressing 紧急的,紧迫的 大纲词汇:press v.压榨,压迫;紧迫,催促 经典例句:This is a pressing matter. 2.optional 可供选择,的任意的 大纲词汇:optional a.可供选择,的任意的 扩充词汇其反义词为:obligatory,compulsory 经典例句:There are many optional courses in the university. 3.depression 消沉,萧条 大纲词汇:depress v.压抑,使沮丧 经典例句:He is depressed that everybody blames him 4.confront 面临 大纲词汇:confront v.使遭遇,使面临;面对 经典例句:Some difficulties confronted him. = He was confronted with some difficulties. 5.disintegrate 解体,使分解 大纲词汇:integrate v.使成为一体,使合并 衍生词汇:integral a.完整的 integrity n.完整,完整;正直,诚实 经典例句:We are trying to integrate this ex-criminalsintosthe society. 6.perish 丧生,毁灭 大纲词汇:perish v.丧生,毁灭 经典例句:All the buildings perished in flames. 7.frustrate 挫败,阻挠,使灰心 大纲词汇:frustrate v.挫败,阻挠,使灰心 经典例句:Her constant complaints frustrated him deeply. 8.aggressive 大胆的 大纲词汇:aggressive a.侵略的,好斗的 经典例句:You have to be aggressive to be a success. 9.unsustainable 间断的,不持续的 大纲词汇:sustain v.支撑,持续,忍耐 扩充词汇:sustainable development可持续发展 经典例句:Heavy posts are needed to sustain this bridge. 10.reverse 颠倒,使倒退 大纲词汇:reverse v.颠倒,使倒退 a.相反的,倒转的 n.颠倒,背面 经典例句:He reversed the court's judgments and set the prisoner free. 11.pursuit追求 大纲词汇:pursuit n.追赶,追求,职业 pursue v.追赶,追求,从事 经典例句:He lives in pursuit of happiness. 12.dramatic 戏剧性的 大纲词汇:dramatic a.戏剧性的,剧烈的 drama n.剧本,戏剧 衍生词汇:drastic a.激烈的,剧烈的 经典例句:He has made dramatic changes in English. 13. therapy 治疗,理疗 大纲词汇:therapy n.治疗,理疗 经典例句:Physical therapy alternates with chemical. 14. fatal 致命的,毁灭性的 大纲词汇:fatal a.致命的,毁灭性的 经典例句:The bribery proved fatal to official. 第三部分 难句分析 1.Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. 结构剖析:controlled的前面和removed的前面省略的can be 阅读重点:不要把clinical depression controlled,和cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure看成独立主格结构,其实两个逗号连接的是三个平行部分,后面两个可以被视为省略了动词前"can be "的成分。 参考译文:股骨出了毛病可以换掉,临床性情绪低落可以控制,白内障只需30分钟的外科手术即可解决。 2.Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. 结构剖析:本句的主干结构可以缩为we demand everything, everything的后面紧跟了一个that引导的定语从句,主句的前面是过去分词短语作状语,主句的后面是even if引导的让步状语从句。 阅读重点:本句的阅读重点是抓出最主干的成分之后,了解分词短语作状语的用法。参考译文:由于有第三方帮我们支付医疗费用的保障,我们便要求医生为我们做所能做的一切,既便有时毫无用处。 3.Physicians ----- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient ---- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. 结构剖析:本句的主干结构是physicians off treatment,两个破折号之间是补充说明的部分,补充说明成分是由and连接的两个分词短语。介词beyond之后跟了一个宾语从句,构成介宾结构。 阅读重点:通过本句应该掌握破折号之间内容的作用,两个破折号之间通常是补充说明的作用,在第一遍阅读的时候可以先略过不读,这样便可以较为迅速的抓住最主干的成分。 参考译文:由于无法治愈这种疾病所带来的挫折感和害怕病人失去希望的恐惧感,医生只能频繁使用大胆的治疗方法乃至大大超出科学的合理范围。 4.I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spent far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. 结构剖析:本句的主干结构是I know that , that后面跟了一个完整的宾语从句,宾语从句的谓语动词是have achieved,主语是people。countries作Japan和Sweden的同位语,并且country的后面跟了一个that引导的定语从句。 阅读重点:本句应该重点理解同位语的用法,本句中的同位语的中心词是countries,后面紧跟了一个定语从句来限定修饰它。 参考译文:我也知道,在日本和瑞典,这两个国家在医疗方面的花费远比我们少的多,但它们国家的人民比我们更长寿,更健康。 特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。
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