三、不定式、分词和动名词(Infinitive)_新浪教育

三、不定式、分词和动名词(Infinitive)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/29 14:07 北航出版社

　　非限定动词(Nonfinite Verb)是动词的非谓语形式。非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制;它在句中可以充当各种句子成分。非限定动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。

　　不定式的用法：

　　例1: People cannot but puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

　　A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D.shavingsfelt

　　[答案] A. feel

　　[注释] cannot but接动词原形,意为"不得不，只好"。例如：I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong.

　　[译文]人们不得不感到困惑，因为他们简直无法理解，他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。

　　例2: Those parttime students expect some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.

　　A. to offer B. to be offered C. to haveen offered D. being offered

　　[答案] B. to be offered

　　[注释] expect后接动词不定式。offer sb. sth.向某人提供某物；students是句子的主语，所以动词不定式用被动态，即to be offered。

　　[译文]那些打工的学生期望在即将来临的暑假中能在校园内向他们提供更多的工作。

　　例3: The students expected there more reviewing classes before the final exams.

　　A. is B. Being C. have been D. to be

　　[答案] D. to be

　　[注释] there be的动词不定式形式是there to be,在本题中作expected的宾语。

　　[译文]这些学生期望在期末考试以前有更多的复习课。

　　例4: It isn't cold enough for there a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim's car out quite safely.

　　A. would be B. being C. was D. to be

　　[答案] D. to be

　　[注释] for there to be a frost是由"there be"句型转化来的特殊形式的带逻辑主语的动词不定式，作结果状语。

　　[译文]今晚天气不致冷到有霜冻，因此我能把吉姆的汽车安全地停在外面。

　　例5: For there successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.

　　A. is B. to be C. will be D. being

　　[答案] B. to be

　　[注释] for there to be ...是there be的不定式形式，在本题中作目的状语。

　　[译文]为了顺利交流思想，全体出席者必须全神贯注并参加讨论。

　　例6：Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about compliments to his political leaders.

　　A. paying B.shavingspaid C. to pay D. to have paid

　　[答案] C. to pay

　　[注释] be about to do sth.是惯用句型，意为"正要(即将)做某事"，如：He is about to go.(他正要走。)be not about to do sth.在美国有时可表示"不愿"或"不打算"。例如：I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success. (我已马到成功，我不愿意就此止步。)

　　[译文]马林是一位有独立思维的年轻人，他不愿对其政界领导人阿谀奉承。

　　例7: Because of the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me in the river unless someone agrees to watch over us.

　　A. swimming B. from swimming C. swim D. to swim

　　[答案] D. to swim

　　[注释] forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事；在非正式英语中可以用forbid sb.from doing sth.但在正式英语和考试中必须用forbid sb.to do sth.。

　　[译文]由于最近发生的事故，我们的家长禁止我的兄弟和我在河里游泳，除非某人同意看护我们。

　　例8: I worked so late in the office that I hardly had time the last bus.

　　A. to have caught B. to catch C. catching D.shavingscaught

　　[答案] B. to catch

　　[注释]注意：have time to do sth.意为"有时间做某事"，而have a hard time doing sth.则意为"有困难做某事"。

　　[译文]我在办公室工作得很晚，因此我几乎没有时间赶上末班公共汽车。

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