1998年考研英语阅读理解真题解析_新浪教育

1998年考研英语阅读理解真题解析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/06/17 18:43 新东方教育在线

　　Passage 4

　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary,

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many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.

　　That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injectedsintosthe sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders ofswheresthe two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translatedsintosmotion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.

　　The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).

　　17. The author believes that .

　　［A］the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth's interior

　　［B］the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true

　　［C］the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions

　　［D］the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart

　　18. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that .

　　［A］the two continents are still moving in opposite directions

　　［B］they have been found to share certain geological features

　　［C］the African plates has been stable for 30 million years

　　［D］over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe

　　19. The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining .

　　［A］the structure of the African plates

　　［B］the revival of dead volcanoes

　　［C］the mobility of the continents

　　［D］the formation of new oceans

　　20. The passage is mainly about .

　　［A］the features of volcanic activities

　　［B］the importance of the theory about drifting plates

　　［C］the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies

　　［D］the process of the formation of volcanoes

　　第一部分文章背景

　　[内容分类]自然科学--地球科学

　　本文是一篇纯自然科学的文章，主要讲述了地质活动上一种叫做"热点"的现象以及其在了解地球构造和大陆演变中的作用。

　　第二部分语言点详解

　　1. scatter散布

　　[大纲词汇] scatter v.散开,驱散;散布,散播

　　[经典例句] His things were scattered all over the room.

　　2. isolated孤立的

　　[大纲词汇] isolate v.孤立,隔离

　　[衍生词汇] isolated a.孤立的

　　[经典例句] They lived isolated in their own little world.

　　3. volcanic activity火山活动

　　[大纲词汇] volcano n.火山

　　[衍生词汇] volcanic a.火山的

　　4. drifting plates漂移的板块

　　[大纲词汇] drift v./n.漂移,漂

　　plate n.金属板,片;盘子,盆子;板,钢板

　　5. make up构成

　　[大纲词汇] make up构成,组成

　　[经典例句] 10 chapters made up this volume.

　　6. interior内部

　　[大纲词汇] interior a.内部的,里面的n.内部,内地

　　[经典例句] Deserts lie in the interior of Asia.

　　7. milestone里程碑

　　[扩充词汇] milestone n.里程碑;重大事件,转折点

　　[经典例句] He regards his decision as a milestone of his career.

　　8. passage经过

　　[大纲词汇] passage n.通过,经过;通路,走廊;(一)段,(一)节

　　[经典例句] The wind of the train's passage ruffled his hair.

　　9. beyond dispute无可质疑的

　　[扩充词组] beyond dispute不容争辩的,无可质疑的

　　[经典例句] His honesty is beyond dispute.

　　10. complementary补充的

　　[大纲词汇] complement v./n.补充,补足(物)

　　[衍生词汇] complementary a.补充的,补足的,相配的

　　[经典例句] Her first two books are complementary to her latest one.

　　11. span跨越

　　[大纲词汇] span n.跨度,跨距

　　[扩充含义] span v.跨越,横跨

　　[经典例句] A bridge spanned the stream.

　　12. reminder提醒

　　[大纲词汇] remind v.(of)提醒,使想起

　　[衍生词汇] reminder n.提示,帮助记忆的符号;提醒者

　　[词汇比较] remainder n.剩余物;余数,余项**注意两词拼写的细微差异

　　[经典例句] She sent him to bed with a reminder to hang up his clothes.

　　13. in detail详细地

　　[大纲词汇] detail n.细节，详情v.详述

　　in detail详细地

　　[经典例句] The witness was asked to describe the accident in detail.

　　14. with respect to关于

　　[大纲词汇] respect n.尊敬，尊重n.尊敬，尊重；(pl.)敬意，问候

　　with respect to关于

　　[经典例句] He informed me about my rights with respect to the house I inherited from my mother.

　　15. translate into使转变

　　[大纲词汇] translate v.翻译

　　translation n.翻译；译文，译本

　　[扩充含义] translate v.使转变，使变化

　　[经典例句] He was rapidly translating himselfsintosa gardener.

　　16. anchor固定

　　[大纲词汇] anchor n.锚v.抛锚，停泊

　　[扩充含义] anchor v.使固定

　　[经典例句] They anchored a mesh over the bed.

　　17. stationary静止的

　　[大纲词汇] stationary a.静止的，固定的

　　[经典例句] No form of living language can remain stationary.

　　18. population总数

　　[大纲词汇] population n.人口

　　[扩充含义] population n.(某地或某类)物品的总数

　　[经典例句] The tractor population of Chinese farms is increasing.

　　19. confine to局限于

　　[大纲词汇] confine v.(to, within)限制，局限于；管制，禁闭

　　[经典例句] The scientist didn't confine his research to geology.

　　20. propel推动

　　[大纲词汇] propeller n.螺旋桨，推进器

　　[扩充词汇] propel v.推进，推动；激励，驱策

　　[经典例句] The fuel is served to propel a missile.

　　21. dome圆顶

　　[大纲词汇] dome n.圆顶屋

　　22. fissure裂缝

　　[大纲词汇] fissure n.(狭而深长的)裂缝，裂隙

　　[经典例句] His finger was stuck in a fissure in a rock.

　　23. formation形成

　　[大纲词汇] form v.组成，构成；形成

　　formation n.形成，构成

　　[经典例句] Scientists tried to determine the physical process of rock formation.

　　24. mutability无规则变动

　　[扩充词汇] mutability n.变动，变化，反复无常

　　25. inconstancy多变

　　[扩充词汇] inconstancy n.反复无常；多变

　　[经典例句] Her inconstancy annoyed all her friends.

　　26. correspond to对应

　　[大纲词汇] correspond v.通信，(with)符合，一致；(to)相当于，对应

　　correspondence n.通信，信件；(with)符合，一致；(to)相对于，对应

　　correspondent n.记者，通讯员；通信者

　　[经典例句] The movement of the satellite corresponds to that of the Earth.

　　27. deduce from推断

　　[大纲词汇] deduce v.(from)演绎，推断

　　[经典例句] I deduced from her conversation that she had a large family.

　　第三部分难句解析

　　1. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

　　[结构剖析]这是一个由两个分句组成的并列句，中间由分号隔开。前一个分句的第一个部分是一个形容词性的短语，修饰的是这个句子的主语they，在plates的后面有一个that引导的定语从句，that所替代的plates在这个从句里做主语；第二个分句用on the contrary开始，表示与前面的情况形成对比，这个句子较简单，注意这里them指的是前文所说的hot spots。

　　[阅读重点]注意两个分句的对比关系，弄清哪个特征是they (hot spots)所具有的。

　　[参考译文]跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球表面的巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。

　　2. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders ofswheresthe two continents were once joined.

　　[结构剖析]这个单句的主语是the complementary coastlines and certain geological features，后面带了一个定语从句，从句中that充当的是主语；表语名词reminders跟了一个of加上where引导的名词性表示地点从句的短语。where从句中用的是过去时，表示的是过去存在的结合状态。

　　[阅读重点]找出句子的主语、谓语(are)和表语(reminders)，再看主语和表语的修饰成分。并注意reminders的意思："值得注意的地方，具有提醒作用的地方"

　　[参考译文]那些好象是横跨海洋的互补的海岸线和某些地质特征提醒人们注意那里曾是两块大陆结合的地方。

　　3. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translatedsintosmotion with respect to the earth's interior.

　　[结构剖析]在这个用but连接的两个并列分句中，前一个分句主语的限定成分the plates带了一个现在分词短语，起修饰作用；后一个分句中注意谓语be translated into意为"被解释为"，这里的another指的是another plates。介词with respect to出现了两次，意思是"相对于……"。

　　[阅读重点]对介词的理解是这个句子的关键，注意motion这个词在本句中指的是相对运动。

　　[参考译文]携带这些大陆的板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。

　　4. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.

　　[结构剖析]这个单句的主语it是个形式主语，真正的主语是后面to引导的不定式短语。这个短语中，determine后面跟的是whether…or whether…引导的选择关系的从句。注意后面whether从句中有两个分句，用and连接，其中the other指的是the other continent。

　　[阅读重点]找出该句真正的主语(不定式形式)，注意两个whether从句的选择关系，以及后一个从句中两个小句所描述的相对关系。

　　[参考译文]不可能确定两块大陆是反向移动的，还是一块大陆静止不动、另一块从它身边漂移开去。

　　5. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

　　[结构剖析]这个句子是由四个小分句组成，前两个分句是一个主从复合句，其中it指的是the dome；分号后面的句子有一个状语短语in at least a few cases，逗号后面是so that引导的表示结果的从句。

　　[阅读重点]在理解这个句子时，最好是能按时间的先后排列地质变化的过程。

　　[参考译文]随着这个圆顶的增长，它开始出现初始的裂缝(裂纹)；在至少几个个例中，这块大陆可能会沿着其中的一些裂缝完全裂开，因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。

　　第四部分

　　参考答案：17.B 18.B 19.D 20.C

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