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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 2004年硕士研究生入学考试应试教程(英语分册) > 正文

考研英语阅读理解实例剖析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/07/10 15:29  双博士丛书

  下面我们来分析一下1994年硕士研究生英语入学试卷阅读理解部分第二篇文章及其试题的类型,以便更直观具体地了解文章的体裁和试题的命题方式:

  Example (1)

  One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bankissued
credit card. They give their owners automatic credit on stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well.More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open.For many of us the“cashless society”is not on the horizon-its already here.

  While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range of records,including who sold what,when,and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now,which to develop for the future,and which to drop.Computers keep track of goods in stock,of raw materials on hand,and even of the production process itself.

  Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

  1.According to the passage,the credit card enables its owner to .

  A.withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

  B.obtain more convenient services than other people do

  C.enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

  D.cash moneyswhereshe wishes to

  本题测试考生对段落(第一段)内容的理解能力。第一段中作者首先讲了信用卡在美国的普及程度及其使用,由此而给信用卡的持有者所带来的方便。可见,所给的4个选择中B.obtain more convenient services than other people do最为切题。

  2.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .

  A.in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

  B.credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

  C.nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

  D.it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

  本题测试考生对段落中的某个句子的理解能力。第一段最后一句的意思是:对于我们中的许多人来说“不用现金付款的社会”不是在遥远的将来——这个社会已经来到了。可见,C.nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash(如今美国人不用现金付款)表达第一段最后一句的含义。A意为“将来所有美国人都将使用信用卡”,说得太绝对,与所指句子的句意不符。B意为“今天信用卡主要在美国使用”与所指句子的意思相悖。D意为“现在使用信用卡比以前更方便”,也不合所指句子的句意。故A、B、D均不能入选。

  3.The phrase“ring up sales”(Line 2,Para.2) most probably means“”.

  A.make ansgroupsof goods

  B.record sales on a cash register

  C.call the sales manager

  D.keep track of the goods in stock

  本题测试考生根据上下文判断短语含义的能力。ring up sales意为“把销售金额记入现金记录机”。作者认为,这是电子现金记录机的最基本功能。接着作者列举了这种机器的各种其他功能。故应选B。

  4.What is this passage mainly about?

  A.Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

  B.Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

  C.Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.

  D.Advantages of credit cards in business.

  本题测试考生对文章大意的判析能力。本文共3段:第一段主要讲信用卡已在美国得到广泛使用并给使用者带来莫大方便;第二段叙述信用卡是以计算机技术为依托的,计算机在现代商业中广泛使用,完成各种各样的任务;第三段讲述无数其他的商业企业受益于计算机的使用。所以,全文的中心思想是讲计算机在各种商业行业中给人们带来的便利。由此可见,

  B.Conveniences brought about by computers in business最符合题意。

  从上述文章及所列试题中不难看出,研究生英语入学考试中阅读理解考试部分主要测试考生对短语或句子内容的理解能力和对段落或全文内容的判断和推理能力。

  再看下面一篇短文。

  Example (2)

  The nobler and more perfect a thing is,the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity. A man reaches the maturity of his reasoning powers and mental faculties hardly before the age of twentyeight;a woman at eighteen. And then,too,in the case of woman,it is only reason of a sort-very niggard in its dimensions.

  That is why women remain children their whole life long;never seeing anything but what is quite close to them,cleaving to the present moment,taking appearance for reality,and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance. For it is by virtue of his reasoning faculty that a man does not live in the present only,like the brute,but looks about him and considers the past and the future;and this is the origin of prudence,as well as of that care and anxiety which so many people exhibit. Both the advantages and the disadvantages which this involves,are shared in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may,in fact,be described as intellectually shortsighted,because her field of vision is narrow and does not reach to what is remote;so that things which are absent,or past,or to come,have much less effect upon women than upon men.This is the reason why women are more inclined to be extravagant,and sometimes carry their inclination to a length that borders upon madness. In their hearts,wo men think it is mens business to earn money and theirs to spend it - if possible during their husbands life,but at any rate,after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them over his earnings for purposes of housekeeping strengthens them in this belief.

  However many disadvantages all this may involve,there is at least this to be said in its favor:that the woman lives more in the present than the man,and that if the present is at all tolerable,she enjoys it more eagerly. This is the source of that cheerfulness which is peculiar to women,fitting her to amuse man in his hours of recreation,and,in case of need,to console him when he is borne down by the weight of his cares.

  1.According to the author,the major difference between a mans and a womans intellect is that .

  A.men mature much later than women

  B.men have a broader view of things

  C.women are more cheerful than men

  D.a mans intellect is nobler than that of a woman

  E.women are frivolous and extravagant

  2.The cause of womens frivolity and cheerfulness is that .

  A.men do not challenge their intellect

  B.they are irresponsible by their very nature

  C.they live more in the present

  D.they want to console men

  E.they reach maturity too fast

  3.The author is probably a .

  A.philosopher

  B.gossip columnist

  C.happily married man

  D.biologist

  E.communist

  第一个问题实际上是考查对第一段的主要思想的概括,题目问的是男女智力上的主要区别在什么地方,问的是实质上的东西。选项A、C、E显然停留在表面上,作者强调的是女人只活在现在,而男人考虑的不仅仅是现在,还有过去和将来,即选项B所概括的“男人看问题更全面”。需要注意的是这类论说性质较明显的文章,在对文章的主旨进行提问时,只对某个事实进行复述的选项往往不是正确答案。

  第二个问题考查细节,考查的是第三段中第二句话“This is the source of that cheerfulness which is peculiar to women”中的代词“this”指代的内容。上句中提到“the woman lives more in the present than the man”,this指代的即是这句话包含的内容,由此可知C项是正确选项。第三个问题考查的是对整篇文章内容及行文风格的理解。比较容易排除的是选项D和E。因为文章的内容与科技意识形态没有关系。选项B中的“gossip”一词过于严重,因为从作者的观点及论证过程来看,他是非常严肃和严密的。选C:见最后一段。

  总之,阅读理解的测试点重在“理解”。要正确地理解原文,考生除了应掌握相当的词汇和英语语法知识外,还应充分调动自己的逻辑思维能力,这样在遇到自己不熟悉的词或主题时,也能很好地把握语境,从而达到理解的目的。

  由于硕士研究生英语入学考试的阅读部分题材比较广泛,考生在平时的训练中应注意分析总结各类题材文章的体裁,如说明文、议论文、应用文、叙事文等。

  对快速阅读的材料择其阅读量的三分之一,进行精读。精读时要读一段并找出该段的主题句和讲出该段的主要内容,读完一篇文章应能找出文章的主题句,讲出文章构思层次、上下文的逻辑关系及作者的观点。精读是培养阅读能力的基础,是培养快读以获取信息的手段。

  下面,我们逐步向你介绍阅读理解题的解题技巧和方法,相信对大家阅读理解力的提高会有所帮助,进而在研究生入学考试中取得令人满意的成绩。



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