考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之it的用法 | |||
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http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/08/07 14:52 双博士丛书 | |||
it在各种英语表达中出现的机率非常频繁,它常用来表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点和距离等外,还可用于强调句型中。 强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或副词短语。如,It was the headmaster that my brotherborrowed some reference books from yesterday.我哥哥昨天是向校长借了一些参考书(强调介词“from”的宾语“the headmaster”)。it还可在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语。 例1How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.分析:在本句中it指代information这一词。How...performance为主语从句。depends upon为谓语动词。with which引导一定语从句,修饰skill and wisdom, which指skill and wisdom。 译文:这些测试在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用的信息的数量、可靠性和适应性,以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。 例2It is possible that familial tendencies reflect common environment relationships or an environmental factor superimposed on a genetic one. 分析:在本句中“It”作形式主语,“that”引导的主语从句才是真正主语,过去分词短语“superimposed on a genetic one”作后置定语,修饰“environmental factor”,代词“one”指代的是“factor”。 译文:家族倾向性可能反映的是环境方面共有的关系或是在遗传因素上所附加的环境因素。 例3You have all heard it repeated that men of science work bymeans of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.(1993年真题) 分析:本句为带有三个由that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。It为形式宾语,代替三个真正的宾语从句。 译文:你们都多次听说过,科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的,而且从某种意义上来说,他们依靠这种方法力求从自然界归纳出某些自然规律,然后根据这些规律,用自己的某种非同一般的本领,建立起他们的理论。
笑话段子、整蛊短语精彩无限 难以形容的开心感觉 |