考研英语英译汉2002年真题评析_新浪教育

考研英语英译汉2002年真题评析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/08/13 14:00 双博士丛书

　　Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed simil

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ar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remainedobscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning“values.”Who will use a technology and to what ends? 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior, will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

　　61. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

　　［参考译文］

　　难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

　　62. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

　　［参考译文］

　　行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

　　63. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.

　　［参考译文］

　　自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保护个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

　　64. They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　［参考译文］

　　自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

　　65. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior, will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

　　［参考译文］

　　(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。

　　2001年

　　In less than 30 yearstime the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.

　　71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision,and digital age will have arrived.

　　According to BTs futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs comingsintosuse between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computerhuman links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.74) But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of manmachine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead toa fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”

　　Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when fasterthanlight travel will be available,or when cloning human will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in 2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

　　71There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and carswith pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

　　［参考译文］

　　届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会令其停驶。

　　本题属于包含定语从句的复合句。句子框架为：There will be television chat shows...,and cars with pollution monitors...that从句修饰pollution monitors。when引导状语从句。

　　72Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision,and digital age will have arrived.

　　［参考译文］儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，那时数字化时代就来到了。

　　本题属于并列句。句子框架为：Children will play with dolls..., computers...will be regarded as workmates...,relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision, and digital age will have arrived.其中equipped with personality chips是作定语的分词短语，修饰dolls。

　　computers with inbuilt personalities词组中，inbuilt为“内在的，内置的”含义，personalities为“人的性格”之意。根据常识，计算机能具有人的性格特征，肯定是制作时放入了某种装置，所以，该词组可灵活地翻译为“具有个性内置的计算机”。

　　73Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

　　［参考译文］

　　皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

　　本题属于复合结构。句子框架为：Pearson has pieced together the work ofhundreds of researchers...to produce a...calendar that...本句中，that gives thelatest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place为calendar的定语，其中包括一个由when引导的时间定语从句(修饰dates)。

　　74But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of manmachine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead toa fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”

　　［参考译文］

　　但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”

　　本题属于主表结构，其框架为：But that...is only the start of manmachine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Pearson points out为插入语，插到了主表结构之间。“But that,...”结构中的that并非连接词，而是代词。

　　75And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

　　［参考译文］

　　家用电器将会变得如此智能，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理紊乱——厨房狂躁症。

　　本题属于复合结构。句子框架为：...home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout...。that从句为结果状语从句。

　　so...that结构中的that从句表结果，而非目的。smart应根据上下文来翻译。

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