考研英语英译汉1999年真题评析_新浪教育

考研英语英译汉1999年真题评析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/08/20 14:11 双博士丛书

　　71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as theattempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered；it is also frequently partial or partisan.The irony of

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the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.

　　72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.73)During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

　　Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the conceptspeculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of“tunnelmethod,”frequently fall victim to the“technicist fallacy.”Also common in thenatural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

　　71. While there are almost as many definitions of history as thereare historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　［参考译文］

　　几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

　　本题属于复合结构。句子框架是while there are as... as there are..., modern practice... conforms to one that sees... as...。While引导的是状语从句，在这个状语从句中又含一个由as...as引导的从句；第一个as是程度副词，第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。主句中that引导定语从句，修饰one,而one后的definition省略了。To create and explain都是不定式短语，用来修饰attempt的。while在此句中相当于although，多放在句首。modern practice意为“现代实践”，可引申为“现代史学家的实践”。conform to是“符合于……”的意思，转译成“趋向于认为”。see...as...意为“把……看做……”。此外，recreate如译为“再创造”，就与句子逻辑意思相悖，应译为“再现”。

　　72. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

　　［参考译文］

　　人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

　　本题属于简单句。句子框架是：Interest in...has arisen less through...and more from...。本句的主语interest in historical methods要根据上下文增词，译为“对历史研究方法的兴趣”，而不要译为“对历史方法的兴趣”。英语Interest是名词“兴趣”，可转译成汉语动词“关注”。Less through...more from...themselves是and连接的两个并列状语，修饰谓语动词has arisen(来自于，产生于)，意为“主要不是因为……，而是因为……”。challenge to thevalidity of history as an intellectual discipline是“对历史作为一门学科正确性存在异议”的意思。challenge挑战，质疑，异议；validity正确性，真实性。

　　73. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

　　［参考译文］

　　在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

　　本题属于简单句。其框架是...methods were augmented by...methodologies designed to...,其中designed to是过去分词短语作定语，修饰methodologies。句中augment作“充实、补充”解。additional作“添加的，另外的”解。在翻译to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study时，需要增加“历史学家”四个字。new forms of evidence译为“历史证据的新方法”，转译成“史料的新方法”。

　　74. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the conceptspeculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

　　［参考译文］

　　所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

　　本题属于复合结构。句子框架是there is no agreement whether...or...or引导的名词从句是agreement的同位语。在这个同位语从句中，methodologies后面跟着两个并列谓语，即refers to...or(refers)to。peculiar to historical work和appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry都是形容词短语，分别修饰concepts和research techniques。

　　在本句中technique是“方法、手段”的意思。inquiry意为“询问、调查、探究”。peculiar to historical work作“历史研究中特别的”讲，concept peculiar to historical work译成“历史研究中特有的概念”。

　　75. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

　　［参考译文］

　　这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社会派：前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。

　　本题属于复合结构。句子框架是it applies equally to traditional historians who...and to social science historians who...。谓语动词applies to带有由and连接的两个并列宾语，即traditional historians和social science historians。在这两个并列宾语中，又分别有一个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰各自的historians。

　　it指前面的fallacy，作“谬误”解。apply...to在这里是“涉及”、“和……有关系”的意思。equate...with...意为“把……和……等同”，activity这里指“对历史的研究”。equate their activity with specific techniques意为“将他们的研究活动等同于具体方法的研究”。

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