考研英语阅读理解1999年真题解析_新浪教育

考研英语阅读理解1999年真题解析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/08/20 14:09 双博士丛书

　　When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that hewas opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no onehad proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days wit

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript1.1" SRC="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfshow?user=AFP6_for_SINA|Edu|WebPIP&db=sina&local=yes&js=on"></SCRIPT> <NOSCRIPT><A HREF="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?user=AFP6_for_SINA|Edu|WebPIP&db=sina"><IMG SRC="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfshow?user=AFP6_for_SINA|Edu|WebPIP&db=sina" WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1 BORDER=0></a></NOSCRIPT>

hrecommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group-the NationalBioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a nearfinal draft of their recommendations.

　　NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. Thepanel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be usedfor human cloning.

　　In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be“morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”

　　Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Becausecurrent federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's

　　life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

　　NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But theywere divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still“up in the air.”

　　63. We can learn from the first paragraph that.

　　A. federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans

　　B. the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning

　　C. NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique

　　D. the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning

　　64. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.

　　A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law

　　B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control

　　C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning

　　D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being

　　65. NBAC will leave the issueofembryo research undiscussed because.

　　A. embryo research is just a current development of cloning

　　B. the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research

　　C. an embryo's life will not be endangered in embryo research

　　D. the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law

　　66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.

　　A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely

　　B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time.

　　C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal

　　D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled

　　63.B根据第一段一、二句“当苏格兰的一个研究小组透露三个月前他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速作出反应。他宣称他反对利用这种不同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验”这与B答案“白宫对有关克隆的新闻的反应是强烈的”相符合。故应选B。

　　64. C细节辨认题。解这类试题的关键在于迅速按段落主题句为所找信息定位，方法是排除法。第二段第一句、第二句中提到NBAC将要求无限制延长克林顿总统发布的禁止联邦拨款用于克隆人研究的90天禁令，并有可能将此立法。但是委员们打算在提案的措辞方面应更为严谨，以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞的研究带来更多的限制。但是对于究竟应否通过提案立法禁止私人资金用于克隆人研究这一关键问题仍未取得一致的看法。第三段第二句：Shapiro表示，专家小组一致地认为，尝试用成人的基因去克隆婴儿是违背伦理道德的。根据以上内容，可以断定，A，B，D所述是委员们的一致看法，而C是他们的分歧所在。故应选C。

　　65. D本题属“以...because”提问方式，答案可以在文章第四段第二句“由于目前联邦法律已严禁使用联邦基金研究制造胚胎(出生前人类后代的早期阶段)或有意识地危害胚胎生命，NBAC将对胚胎研究保持沉默”这与D答案“该问题在法律条文中已经明文规定”相符合。故应选D。

　　66. A本题问及根据本文末段我们可以推断出什么。最后一段，作者指出，NBAC成员是否进一步要求联邦法律完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在意见分歧。Shapiro和大多数委员赞成对此立法，但在电话采访中透露，这个问题仍“悬而未决”。故可以推断，选项A“NBAC委员对彻底禁止克隆人研究仍迟疑不决”为正确答案。

　　译文

　　当苏格兰的一个研究小组透露三个月前他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速作出反应。他宣称他反对利用这种不同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提出要这样做——他要求成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长Shapiro领导的独立专家小组，在90天内就克隆人研究方面的国家政策问题拿出建议，向白宫汇报。这个专家组名为全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会(NBAC)，它此后一直在积极热情地工作，集思广益，写下建议。在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的建议书达成了一致意见。

　　NBAC将要求克林顿总统无限期延长有关联邦基金不能用来克隆人的90天禁令，并且将此立法。但NBAC委员们计划在提案的措辞上更为严谨以避免给克隆人体DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——因为在分子生物研究中这种研究属于常规研究课题。不过，这个专家组在一个关键性问题上尚未达成一致意见，即：是否建议立法，规定利用私人基金克隆人被视为犯罪行为。

　　在5月17日开会讨论的建议序言草稿中，Shapiro表示专家们已取得广泛的一致意见，认为“试图用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿是违背伦理道德的。”Shapiro在会议期间解释说，伦理道德上的质疑主要源于害怕对婴儿的健康产生危害。然后，专家们非正式地接受了几种一般的结论，虽然某些细节尚未定论。

　　NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核来克隆婴孩的企图。因为现行联邦政府法律已经禁止使用联邦基金创造供研究用的胚胎(即出生前人类后代的最早阶段)或有意识地危害胚胎的生命，但NBAC的建议将不反对胚胎的研究。

　　NBAC成员表示：他们呼吁由私人赞助的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核迁移来克隆人。但他们在是否进一步要求联邦以法律完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。Shapiro和大多数委员赞成对此立法，但在电话采访中透露，这个问题仍然“悬而未决”。

【评论】【推荐】【大中小】【打印】【关闭】

　　绝对大奖！订非常笑话短信，送数码摄像机！
　　注册新浪9M全免费邮箱
　　说一口流利英语，其实不难？ MBA联考培训特惠
　　无数人梦寐以求的境界，亲密接触，激烈搏杀，包你爽上“天堂”

新闻查询
关键词一关键词二