¡¡¡¡Section I Listening Comprehension

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken Engli sh. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the ques

tions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.

¡¡¡¡Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your ans wers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, yo u will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANS WER SHEET 1.

¡¡¡¡Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

¡¡¡¡Part A

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡For Questions 1¡ª5, you will hear a man phoning the City Mailª²order Company. Wh ile you listen, fill out the table with the information you¬ðve heard. Write

¡¡¡¡only 1 word or number

¡¡¡¡in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)

¡¡¡¡A Phone Conversation

¡¡¡¡Phone Number of the Mailª²order Company¡¼¡½

¡¡¡¡1

¡¡¡¡Article Being Ordered¡¼¡½2

¡¡¡¡Model¡¼¡½3

¡¡¡¡Price¡¼¡½?¡ê4

¡¡¡¡Way of Payment¡¼¡½5

¡¡¡¡Part B

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡For Questions 6¡ª10, you will hear a talk about how to make ugly or plain people beautiful. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear th e recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. (5 points)

¡¡¡¡People who want to have the shape of their noses corrected think they are¡¼¡½¡¼¡½6

¡¡¡¡The work of selling beauty to men and women is called¡¼¡½¡¼¡½7

¡¡¡¡A new nose may cost as much as¡¼¡½¡¼¡½8

¡¡¡¡How long has one to stay in hospital if one wants to change his nose?¡¼¡½¡¼¡½9

¡¡¡¡Before one can see one¬ðs new nose, the doctor has to take off the bandages and¡¼¡½¡¼¡½10

¡¡¡¡Part C

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡You will hear 3 pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answ ers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)

¡¡¡¡Questions 11¡ª13 are based on the following talk about information superhighway. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11¡ª13.

¡¡¡¡11. The application of the information superhighway will

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýchange people¬ðs lifestyle.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýeliminate the need to go to cinema.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýhelp develop tax collection system.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýmake it easier for you to entertain yourself.

¡¡¡¡12. Which of the following is true of the information superhighway?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝIt will get rid of the need of store shopping.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝIt can perform surgical operation.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝIt will not do most of the thing s we normally do now.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝIt makes visiting friends more convenient.

¡¡¡¡13. We can learn from the passage that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýit is difficult to protect the privacy of Internet users.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýpasswords can ensure the safety of the documents.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýnobody knows your buying habits.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýfinancial institutions cannot cope with criminal behavior.

¡¡¡¡Questions 14¡ª16 are based on the following conversation about an unusual thief. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14¡ª16.

¡¡¡¡14. What¬ðs the man¬ðs purpose for learning to steal at first?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝTo make a living.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝTo write a book.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝTo be an entertainer.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝTo study the techniques of stealing.

¡¡¡¡15. Why do they want to publish a book on different pickpocket skills?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝThey want to earn more money.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝThey want to tell people how to avoid being stolen from.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝThey want to expose the secrets of thievery.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝThey want to become famous.

¡¡¡¡16. People are likely to be stolen when they

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýare walking fast.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýlook confused.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýare acting with a purpose.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýput their money in the pocket of underneath clothing.

¡¡¡¡Questions 17¡ª20 are based on the following interview with Chris, a taxi driver. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17¡ª20.

¡¡¡¡17. Chris enjoys being a taxi driver because he

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýcan do something to help people.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýis able to decide exactly what he does.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýcan travel to different parts of the city.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýcan earn a lot of money.

¡¡¡¡18. What does he need to do as a taxi driver?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝTo provide travel information to passengers.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝTo know his way round the city very well.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝTo spend a lot of time waiting at stations.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝTo predictswhereshe will find work.

¡¡¡¡19. Chris found that quite a few of his passengers

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýgot annoyed when they had a long wait for the cab.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýcomplained that the taxi fare was high.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýwere happy to chat to him.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýtended to be displeased when the journey took longer than usual.

¡¡¡¡20. Why does he feel that he is well suited to the job?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝBecause he thinks he was born to be a driver.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝBecause he was once a shop assistant.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝBecause he likes being friendly for short periods.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝBecause he enjoys driving long distances.

¡¡¡¡You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to AN SWER SHEET 1.

¡¡¡¡This is the end of Listening Comprehension.

¡¡¡¡Section II Use of English

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and ma rk A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

¡¡¡¡You should assume, in trying for jobs, that you will not be the only applicant. The single most prevalent deciding factor is the21.

¡¡¡¡To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and 22qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited t ime 23, usually from 30 to 45 minutes. 24, you must make a positive impression which the interviewer will25while he interviews other applicants. At all times, you should present your most attractive26during an interview.

¡¡¡¡You should,27, take care to appear wellª²groomed(ÐÞÊÎ)and modestly dressed, avoiding the extremes of too28or too casual attire (ÒÂ×Å).

¡¡¡¡Besides29for personal appearanc e, you should pay close attention to your manner of30.Since speech is a reflection of personality, you should reflect31 by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard32being ag gressive or overpowering (Ê¢ÆøÁèÈ˵Ä).

¡¡¡¡Speaking without a subject will not impress anyone. You should be prepared to ta lk33about the requirements of the position for which you are applying34your own professional experiences and interests. Kn owing something about the35enables you to ask intelligent que stions about the work and the36for the job. The interviewer c a n decide from the questions asked whether you are37interested or knowledgeable. You can comment on your own training, experience, and other 38in relation to the specific tasks of the position. The inte rviewer can determine whether your background and39seem to fi t the position. The position for which you are applying is not only the safest t opic for discussion, it is essential that you40your understan ding of the requirements and your abilities in meeting these requirements.

¡¡¡¡21.£ÛA£Ýrecommendation£ÛB£Ýapplication£ÛC£Ýinterview£ÛD£Ýexamination

¡¡¡¡22.£ÛA£Ýmental£ÛB£Ýphysical£ÛC£Ýcomprehensive£ÛD£Ýprofess ional

¡¡¡¡23.£ÛA£Ýapplicable£ÛB£Ýavailable£ÛC£Ýattainable£ÛD£Ýacc eptabl e

¡¡¡¡24.£ÛA£ÝFurthermore£ÛB£ÝTherefore£ÛC£ÝHowever£ÛD£ÝFi rst ly

¡¡¡¡25.£ÛA£Ýcherish£ÛB£Ýreserve£ÛC£Ýremember£ÛD£Ýsustain

¡¡¡¡26.£ÛA£Ýmanners£ÛB£Ýqualities£ÛC£Ýappearance£ÛD£Ýpersonal ity

¡¡¡¡27.£ÛA£Ýin particular£ÛB£Ýin short£ÛC£Ýby contrast£ÛD£Ýfo r exam ple

¡¡¡¡28.£ÛA£Ýelaborate£ÛB£Ýinformal£ÛC£Ýloose£ÛD£Ýexpens ive

¡¡¡¡29.£ÛA£Ýattention£ÛB£Ýfocus£ÛC£Ýcaution£ÛD£Ýcare

¡¡¡¡30.£ÛA£Ýbehaving£ÛB£Ýresponding£ÛC£Ýspeaking£ÛD£Ýremark ing

¡¡¡¡31.£ÛA£Ýstrength£ÛB£Ýfriendliness£ÛC£Ýconfidence£ÛD£Ýcom petence

¡¡¡¡32.£ÛA£Ýwithout£ÛB£Ýby£ÛC£Ýfor£ÛD£Ýwith

¡¡¡¡33.£ÛA£Ýseriously£ÛB£Ýknowledgeably£ÛC£Ýtentatively£ÛD£Ýliterally

¡¡¡¡34.£ÛA£Ýin terms of£ÛB£Ýin contrast to£ÛC£Ýin relation to£ÛD£Ýin line with

¡¡¡¡35.£ÛA£Ýposition£ÛB£Ýoccupation£ÛC£Ýinterviewer£ÛD£Ýcor poration

¡¡¡¡36.£ÛA£Ýdoubts£ÛB£Ýquestions£ÛC£Ýcharacteristics£ÛD£Ýre quirements

¡¡¡¡37.£ÛA£Ýpractically£ÛB£Ýgenuinely£ÛC£Ýexcessively£ÛD£Ýadequately

¡¡¡¡38.£ÛA£Ýdocuments£ÛB£Ýqualifications£ÛC£Ýconditions£ÛD£Ýp erceptions

¡¡¡¡39.£ÛA£Ýeducation£ÛB£Ýknowledge£ÛC£Ýexperiences£ÛD£Ýpote nti al

¡¡¡¡40.£ÛA£Ýdemonstrate£ÛB£Ýjustify£ÛC£Ýspecify£ÛD£Ýexp ose

¡¡¡¡Section¢óReading Comprehension¡¼1¡½

¡¡¡¡Part A

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

¡¡¡¡Text 1

¡¡¡¡Britain¬ðs richest people have experienced the biggestª²ever rise in their wealt h, according to the Sunday Times Rich List.

¡¡¡¡Driven by the¡°new economy¡±of internet and computer entrepreneurs, the wealth o f those at the top of the financial tree has increased at an unprecedented rate. The 12th annual Rich List will show that the collective worth of the country¬ðs richest 1,000 people reached nearly¡ê146 billion by January, the cutª²off point for the survey. This represented an increase of¡ê31 billion, or 27%, in just 12 months.

¡¡¡¡Since the survey was compiled, Britain¬ðs richest have added billions more to th e ir wealth, thanks to the continuing boom in technology shares on the stock marke t. This has pushed up the total value of the wealth of the richest 1,000 to a pr obable¡ê160 billion according to Dr. Philip Beresford, Britain¬ðs acknowledged expert on personal wealth who compiles the Sunday Times Rich List.

¡¡¡¡The millennium boom exceeds anything in Britain¬ðs economic history, including t h e railway boom of the 1840s and the South Sea bubble of 1720.¡°It has made Marg a ret Thatcher¬ðs boom seem as sluggish as Edward Heath¬ðs threeª²day week,¡±said Be resford.¡°We are seeing billions being added to the national wealth every week.¡±

¡¡¡¡William Rubinstein, professor of modern history at the University of Wales, Aber ystwyth, confirmed that the growth in wealth was unprecedented.¡°Almost all of t oday¬ðs wealth has been created since the industrial revolution, but even by tho s e heady standards the current boom is extraordinary,¡±he said.¡°There is no la rg eª²scale cultural opposition or guilt about making money. In many ways British b usiness attitudes can now challenge the United States.¡±

¡¡¡¡Much of the wealth of the richest is held in shares in startª²up companies. Some of these paper fortunes, analysts agree, could easily be wiped out, although the wealthª²generating effects of the internet revolution seem to be here to stay.

¡¡¡¡New economy entrepreneurs are to be found in all parts of Britain, but the City is a particular beneficiary of the stock market¬ðs internet boom. The number of t hose earning more than¡ê1m a year in salaries and bonuses has risen to 3,000 fr om 750 five years ago.

¡¡¡¡A Sunday Times Young Rich List confirms that people are becoming wealthier and y ounger. It includes the 60 richest millionaires aged 30 or under. At the top, on¡ê6 00m, is the¡°old money¡±Earl of Iveagh, 30, head of the Guinness brewing famil y. In second place is Charles Nasser, also 30, who launched the Claraª²NET interne t provider four years ago and is worth¡ê300m. The remaining eight in the top 10 young millionaires made their money from computing and the internet.

¡¡¡¡41. What is the best title of the text?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝBritish Economy Grows at an Unprecedented Rate

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝThe Rich in Britain Get Richer Faster than Ever

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝPeople in Britain Are Becoming Rich Faster than Ever

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝTechnology Shares Continues to Boom on Stock Market

¡¡¡¡42. The recent surge in the wealth of the richest was mainly brought abou t by

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe new economic policies.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe stock market¬ðs internet boom.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe industrial revolution.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýdifferent business attitudes.

¡¡¡¡43. It is implied that in Margaret Thatcher¬ðs period

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe economy was as sluggish as Edward Heath¬ðs threeª²day week.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe economic boom didn¬ðt add much to the wealth of the richest people.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe economy boomed, but was far less prosperous than the current boom.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe growth in the personal wealth of the richest was unprecedented.

¡¡¡¡44. Some of the wealth of the richest could easily be wiped out because

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýmuch of their wealth is just paper fortunes.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe internet boom is less likely to stay for long.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe standards to evaluate their wealth may easily change.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýthe investment in startª²up companies is unwise.

¡¡¡¡45. The author mentioned Earl of Iveagh and Charles Nasser (last paragrap h) to illustrate

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýthe City is a particular beneficiary of the stock market¬ðs internet boom.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýmore people are earning more than¡ê1m a year in salaries and bonuses.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýpeople are becoming wealthier and younger.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýmost of the richest made their money from computing and the internet.

¡¡¡¡Text 2

¡¡¡¡Phil Knight doesn¬ðt speak in public very often. And when you hear from him thes e days, he doesn¬ðt sound happy. Talking to Wall Street analysts from his Oregon h eadquarters last week, the founder and head of Nike Inc. didn¬ðt mince words:¡°This is a dark day around these halls.¡±

¡¡¡¡Knight¬ðs problems would worry any CEO: a stock price that has slid to the s f rom the s, a plunge in profits and warehouses full of shoes that aren¬ðt sell i ng. But most critical is a price war that has sliced U. S. sales and is a sign t hat Nike¬ðs lock as the champion of¡°cool¡±may be weakening. Although Nike pri des itself on technical innovation, losing its cool would be tantamount to losing t he game.

¡¡¡¡Last week was particularly glum at Nike¬ðs headquarters in suburban Portland. Ma n agers had warned of layoffs but hadn¬ðt revealed any names. On Wednesday, 250 em ployees were told to pack up their desks, while stunned colleagues looked on.

¡¡¡¡At most corporate offices, that scene, though painful, wouldn¬ðt be cataclysmic, but for Knight and his employees, even a setback bears the agony of defeat. Nike rose about as high and fast in the 1990s as any company can. It took on a new r eligion of brand consciousness and broke advertising sound barriers with its ind elible Swoosh (¡°¼²·ç¡±±êÖ¾),¡°Just Do It¡±slogan and deified sports figures. Ni ke managed the deftest of marketing tricks: to be both antiª²establishment and m ass market, to the tune of .2 billion in sales last year.

¡¡¡¡Yet Nike is now facing a marketing conundrum (ÄÑÌâ): can you be big and cool? Wh en Teenage Research Unlimited did its latest survey, 40 percent of kids named Ni ke as one of the¡°coolest¡±brands, down from 52 percents just six months ago. Ki m Hastreiter of Paper, a New York magazine, says that the coolest th ings around now are brilliantly colored suede sneakers (·Â÷çƤÔ˶¯Ð¬) by New Balance. Even A didas, torpedoed by Nike and Reebok in the 1980s, is staging a comeback.

¡¡¡¡Knight acknowledges the challenge.¡°We have to be beautiful as well as big. It¬ðs no mean feat,¡±says Scott Bedbury, former global ad chief for Nike. The¡°Wors tª²case scenario would be to become Microsoft,¡±says Kevin Keller, a marketing pro f essor at Duke. Best case: be like Cocaª²Cola.¡°They¬ðre everywhere, but no one seems to resent them for it.¡±

¡¡¡¡One answer is to play down the Swoosh, and some Nike watchers say it will do jus t that. Nike is marketing new products, including its ACG (All Condition Gear) l ine for hiking and outdoor styles.

¡¡¡¡Nike¬ðs ace in the hole is Knight himself. Charismatic (ÓÐ÷ÈÁ¦µÄ) and down to ea r th, Knight still lives in the house he bought 25 years ago. Knight¬ðs deep passi on for Nike means he will fight hard for it.¡°I¬ðve always thought that Phil ha s three children¡ªtwo sons and a brand,¡±says Bedbury.¡°Never underestimate a father¬ðs love of a child.¡±

¡¡¡¡46. The passage is mainly about

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýa company facing a conundrum.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýa brand that is no longer cool.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýa CEO with a sense of mission.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýa CEO who loves his company as his child.

¡¡¡¡47. The biggest problem that Nike faces is

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýits stock price is declining sharply.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthe company has suffered the first loss.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe supply of shoes exceeds the demand.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýit might be losing its cool.

¡¡¡¡48. The word¡°torpedoed¡±(L. 5, Para. 5) most probably means

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýcontended.£ÛB£Ýdestroyed.£ÛC£Ýmerged.£ÛD£Ýcons trained.

¡¡¡¡49. It is implied in the text that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝNike¬ðs too fast growth in the 1990s made it no longer cool.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝNike¬ðs big sales might make the brand less cool.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝNike will become more cool if it appears everywhere like Cocaª²Cola.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝNike has to give up the Swoosh to become more cool.

¡¡¡¡50. It seems that the author¬ðs attitude toward Phil Knight is of

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýdoubt.£ÛB£Ýcriticism.£ÛC£Ýconfidence.£ÛD£Ýsy mpathy.

¡¡¡¡Text 3

¡¡¡¡Some friends of ours recently expressed what seems to be a common belief: that b lack Americans no longer face the kind of intimidation and violence that were co mmon years ago, particularly in the south. The rash of fire bombings and crossª²b urnings against black families around New York shows how sadly wrong that belief still is. Some blacks movingsintosnew homes nearly lost their lives. Others now dwell in fear. As Suffolk¬ðs Police Commissioner, Donald Dilworth, says,¡°This stuff is contagious.¡±

¡¡¡¡Two teenagers have been charged with burning a house in East Meadow and eight y ouths have been arrested in Elmont, L. I. Quick arrests are helpful. It may also have helped that Mayor Koch visited a black couple in Queens and condemned the intol erance that lay behind the burning of their home and crossª²burning in Staten Is land and Brooklyn this week.

¡¡¡¡It is important to understand, however, that these outrages are not just the wor k of unthinking teenagers. Obvious support for the vandalism is evident among ad ults. After the firebombing of a black family¬ðs home in Rosedale, Queen, severa l white neighbors told reporters,¡°We don¬ðt want them here.¡±A woman asked,¡°Why don¬ðt they liveswheresthey belong?¡±After a crossª²burning in Valley Stream, t he response of some white adults was more plain than words: a hundred of them forme d an association to keep home listings of the open market out of the reach of b lacks.

¡¡¡¡All this, of course, is memory of the behavior that Northerners used to condemn in Southerners. There, too, the fear and prejudice were contagious. They would p ass from one generation to the next and leap from one community to another. And the injury to individuals and to the community was always astonishing. That is w hy the importance of socially fair neighborhood action cannot be overlooked. Dec ent neighbors have to band together and make their views prevail. The hospitable atmosphere of the 1960s, when white groups welcomed minority familiessintosma ny new areas, needs to be created again.

¡¡¡¡Racial antagonisms are not likely to disappear soon. But they can be contained b y law and by community effort. The right to own a house wherever one can afford it is not only a legal right; it is for many the essence of the American dream. Those who would deny the dream to anyone must not only be punished in the courts ; they must be denied and blocked on every street.

¡¡¡¡51. According to the editorial, the crossª²burnings in the New York City area are

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýsigns of dangerous prejudice on the part of both young and old.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýisolated outbursts of little importance.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe work of thoughtless teenagers.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýproof that American society cannot be improved.

¡¡¡¡52. Which of the following statements would the writer of the passage agr ee with?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝThe good thing for the neighborhood to do is to avoid becoming invo lved.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£ÝRacial prejudice will soon die out in the United States.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£ÝCommunity attitude in the 1960s toward minority groups was a positive o ne.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝRacial opposition in the North could never be compared with that in the So uth.

¡¡¡¡53. The writer¬ðs attitude toward crossª²burnings is that of

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýacceptance.£ÛB£Ýcondemnation.£ÛC£Ýannoyance.£ÛD£Ýpat ience.

¡¡¡¡54. The word¡°vandalism¡±(L. 2, Para. 3) most probably means

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýdamage.£ÛB£Ýlimit.£ÛC£Ývanish.£ÛD£Ýprotection.

¡¡¡¡55. According to the text, the importance of socially fair neighborhood a ction should be stressed because

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýfairness is important for everything.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýmoving black families may cause problem to themselves and the community.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýthe present community situation is dangerous.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýit provides convenience for the government.

¡¡¡¡Text 4

¡¡¡¡The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broad cast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topi c. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts stress the¡°how t o¡±aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of th e interview, its context, and implications. Much of the¡°how to¡±material is ba se d on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional p ractice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized princi ples can be developed.

¡¡¡¡There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journa lism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as we ll as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little at tention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on i nterviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western soci eties are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interv iewing than any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat fam iliar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psyc hologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interes ted in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the pers on seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particula rly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic i nterview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

¡¡¡¡56. The main idea of the first paragraph is that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýgeneralized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern f or writers on journalism.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýimportance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic inte rviewing.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýconcepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journa listic interviewing.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýpersonal experiences and general impressions could be excluded from journa listic interviews.

¡¡¡¡57. Much research has been done on interviews in general,

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýso the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthene d.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýthough the study of the interviewing techniques hasn¬ðt received much atte ntion.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýbut journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been n eglected.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýand there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic int erviewing.

¡¡¡¡58. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýbut most of them wish to stay away from it.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýand many of them hope to be interviewed some day.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýand many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýbut most of them may not have been interviewed in person.

¡¡¡¡59. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝThe patient.£ÛB£ÝThe physician.£ÛC£ÝThe journalist.£ÛD£ÝThe psychologist.

¡¡¡¡60. The text is most likely a part of a

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ýnews article.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ýjournalistic interview.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ýresearch report.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ýpreface.

¡¡¡¡Part B

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int o Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 poi nts)

¡¡¡¡A great deal of communication in all cultures occurs nonverbally. Nonverbal cues can range from touching and smelling to gestures and body movement. The attitud e in the United States toward the nonverbal area of touching is vastly different from that of many other cultures in the world. It is not unusual in Europe or t he Middle East to see two men walking together with hands clasped or even encirc ling a shoulder. 61) Such a sight would be as unusual here as seeing two men greet each other with a light kiss on each cheek¡ªa relatively common sigh t in many nations.

¡¡¡¡Discussion between a manager and a subordinate in the United States may occur wi th each in a very relaxed posture in the former¬ðs office. They might be drinkin g coffee. If the manager is a man, he may have a foot hooked over an empty chair or planted on a nearby table top. 62) Not so in the Middle Eastswherescr ossed legs or facing the soles of your shoes toward another individual is a sign of rudeness. In so many nations, and certainly in much of Europe, the s ubordinate is almost¡°at attention¡±when briefly addressing a superior. And ke eping your hands in your pockets as you speak to your German or Austrian boss is just not done.

¡¡¡¡63) In the United States we are sometimes concerned when the other perso n does not look us in the eye or seems visually evasive. Is there a lack of honesty or integrity here? In Japan, a businessman may interpret a lack of r espect if another individual does look directly at him. We also have no hesitanc y, when asked, to list our accomplishments. In Japan such a presentation would s eem out of place and in bad taste. And it would not be wise for an American mana ger to praise one Japanese worker for an outstanding performance in the presence of his or her coª²workers.

¡¡¡¡Joking among strangers or new acquaintances makes Germans ill at ease. 64)

¡¡¡¡At meetings or in presentations, while an American or Briton might feel obliged to crack a joke or two, or an Italian or French person indulges in w itti cism, a German will remain consistently serious, neither using humor nor respond ing to it.

¡¡¡¡The most marked difference between business communication in Korea and the Unite d States is the difference between American objectivity and Korean subjectivity. 65) For business people in the United States, relationships and personal feelings (both positive and negative) are to be set aside in favor of impartial and dispassionate logic. For Koreans, sincerity and commitment to indiv iduals are the basis for business dealings. Business is transacted by two people , not the firms they represent.

¡¡¡¡Section IV Writing

¡¡¡¡66. Directions:

¡¡¡¡A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.

¡¡¡¡B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:

¡¡¡¡1) Describe the picture and interpret its meaning.

¡¡¡¡2) Give your comments on the phenomenon.

¡¡¡¡C. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)