lowing text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
To most neuroscientists(神经病学科学家), of course, these notions are seen as simplistic at best and nonsense at worst. 46)So there was general satisfaction when, a couple of years ago, a simple brain scanner(扫描)test appeared to reveal the true story about one of neurology’s(神经病学)greatest puzzles: exactly what is the difference between the two sides of the human brain? Fortunately, or unfortunately, depending on how you like your theories, the big picture revealed by that work is proving far less romantic than the logical-creative split, intriguingly complex and tough to prove.
47)The people behind the scanner test, clinical neurologists Gereon Fink of the University of Dusseldorf in Germany and John Marshal from the Radcliffe Infirmary(医院)in Oxford, had been pursuing the idea that the difference between the two hemispheres lay in their style of working.The left brain, they reckoned, focused on detail. 48)This would make it the natural home for all those mental skills that need us to act in a series of discrete(互不关联的)steps or fix on a particular fragment of what we perceive-skills such as recognising a friends face in a crowd or “lining up” words to make a sentence.
By contrast, the right brain concentrated on the broad, background picture. 49)The researchers believed it had a panoramic(全景式的)focus that make it good at seeing general connections; this hemisphere was best able to represent the relative position of objects in space and to handle the emotional and metaphorical aspects of speech. So in a neat and complementary division of labour, one side of the brain thought and saw in wide-angle while the other zoomed(瞄准)in on the detail.
To test this idea, the pair teamed up with the imaging laboratory at London’s Institute of Neurology and scanned the brains of people who were looking at a series of images called letter navons. These are pictures in which a single large letter such as an S is made up of many smaller letters-perhaps a series of s. 50)The researchers asked their subjects to report whether they saw the global image(the big S)or the local elements(the s)while a radioactive chemical injected into their bloodstream revealed which side of the brain worked hardest to make each report.
The results seemed beautifully clear. When the subjects concentrated on the small letters, areas on the left side of the brain fired; when they mentally stepped back to take in the overall shape, the right side fired. So wham, bam and a few months later in August 1996, Fink, Marshal and their colleagues published a neat, tidy paper in Nature. “The study was in the textbooks within a year,” says Marshall with a smile.
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