不支持Flash
|
非谓语动词做宾语
名词和代词在句子中除了担当主语、表语和同位语外,还可以用来担当宾语。因此,作名词的动词不定式和动名词也可以用来担当宾语,但并非随意使用。某些担当谓语的及物动词后只使用不定式的各种形式,某些及物动词后则只使用动名词的各种形式,而还有某些及物动词后要根据不同情况,分别使用不定式或动名词来担当宾语。由此可见,分清谓语动词自身基本用法中对宾语的不同要求是十分必要的。
1.跟不定式担当宾语的及物动词
afford买得起, agree同意, arrange安排, ask要求, attempt企图, care专心, claim宣称, dare敢于, decide决定, demand要求, desire渴望, determine决意, expect期待, fail没干成, help帮助, hope希望, intend打算, learn学会, manage设法干成, mean本意想, need需要, offer主动, plan计划, pretend假装, promise承诺, refuse拒绝, want想, wish盼望
* 跟不定式担当表语的不及物动词seem似乎, appear显露出,happen碰巧。
2.不定式不同形式的使用
我们大家都清楚,任何形式的非谓语动词均相当于谓语动词的某种形式,要正确使用非谓语动词就必须从谓语动词的时态语态入手,才能进行系统正确地分析与了解。
1)现在我们以pretend为例对以上及物动词后的不定式形式进行分析
●She pretends that she will pay the bill. (宾语从句动词使用一般将来时)
= She pretends to pay the bill. 她假装要买单。
不定式一般式 “to pay” 担当宾语,表示将来,含义作用与pretend后面的宾语从句that she will pay the bill相同。
●She pretends that she is sleeping in the room.(宾语从句动词使用现在进行时)
= She pretends to be sleeping in the room.
她假装正在睡觉。
不定式进行式 “to be sleeping” 表示动作正在进行,相当于宾语从句that she is sleeping。
* 不可以说: She pretends ╳ sleeping in the room.(及物动词pretends不可以跟动名词sleeping担当宾语)
●She pretends that she has finished her work.(宾语从句动词使用现在完成时)
= She pretends to have finished her work.
她假装已经完成了自己的工作。
不定式完成式 “to have finished her work” 表示过去完成的动作,相当于that she has finished her work。
●She pretends that she finished her work 3 days ago.(宾语从句动词使用一般过去时)
= She pretends to have finished her work 3 days ago。
她假装三天以前就已经将工作干完了。
不定式完成式 “to have finished her work 3 days ago” 表示过去完成的动作,相当于that she finished her work 3 days ago。
●She pretends that she has been working for hours.(宾语从句动词使用现在完成进行时)
= She pretends to have been working for hours.
她假装已经连续工作好几个小时了。
不定式完成进行式 “to have been working for hours”表示过去开始并一直进行的动作, 相当于that she has been working for hours。
●She pretends that she will be helped with her work.(宾语从句动词使用被动语态的一般将来时)
= She pretends to be helped with her work.
她假装有人要帮助她干活。
不定式一般式被动式 “to be helped with her work”表示将来被动, 相当于that she will be helped with her work
●She pretends that she has been helped with her work。(宾语从句动词使用被动语态的现在完成时)
= She pretends to have been helped with her work.
她假装她的工作是在别人帮助下完成的。
特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。