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第三十四课：拯救地球

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/10/17 13:31 新浪教育

　课文翻译

　　2. Reading comprehension阅读理解………………

　EARTH

　土壤

　　The area of desert in the world is growing every year. Many parts of the

　　世界上沙漠的面积每年都在扩大，许多地区

　　world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops,have

　　曾经人口众多，五谷丰登，而今却成了沙漠。

　　become deserts. Dunhuang in China, deep in the heart of the Gebi Desert,

　　中国的敦煌，现在深深陷入戈壁滩的腹地，

　　was once a great city.

　　曾经是一个大城市。

　　Cattle are one cause of the problem. In good years, farmers increase the

　　造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。年景好时，农民就增加牲畜

　　numbers of their cattle. Then one year, the rains fail to come. The farmers do

　　饲养的头数。然后有一年天没有下雨，农民又

　　not want to kill any of their cattle, so the cattle eat all the grass and anything

　　不想把牲畜杀掉，因此，牲畜就把草和更加贫瘠的土地上

　　that grows on poorer land. If this continues for several years, the grass never

　　所长的东西全部吃光。这种情况如果继续几年，那么，草就再也

　　grows again and the land becomes a desert. One suggested answer is for farm

　　长不出来了，土地也就成了沙漠。有人提出的解决办法是让农民

　　ers to limit the numbers of their cattle.

　　限制饲养牲畜的数量。

　　Another problem is that good soil is gradually lost. When trees are cut

　　另外一个问题就是沃土逐渐流失。树木被砍伐了，

　　down, there is nothing to hold the soil in place on the hillside. So when it

　　山坡上就没有什么东西能够把土壤保持住了。因此，

　　rains, the soil is washed down the hills and /into/ the rivers. Strong winds can

　　下雨的时候，土壤从山上被冲刷下来，流到河里去了。大风

　　also blow away the valuable soil that lies on the top of the fields.

　　也可能刮走田地表面的肥沃土壤。

　AIR

　空气

　　Air pollution comes from factories, power stations and cars. Chemicals in

　　空气污染是工厂、发电站和汽车(排放的废气)引起的。

　　the smoke from power stations cause a lot of damage. They can travel hundreds

　　发电站排出的烟尘中含有化学物质，造成很大损害。这些化学物质

　　of miles in the wild, before falling to the ground in the rain. But this“chem

　　在旷野中漫延几百里，然后随着雨水落到地面上。而这种

　　ical rain" gradually destroys trees in the forests and kills fish in the lakes. In

　　“化学雨”会慢慢毁坏林中的树木，毒死湖泊中的鱼。在

　　Germany, over 50% of the country's trees had been damaged by the year 1986.

　　德国，到1986年为止已经有50%的树木遭到了损害。

　　Time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air. In

　　污染空气的严重事故不时地在发生。

　　1986 there was a bad accident at a nuclear power station in Russia. A cloud of1986

　　年，俄罗斯的一所核电站发生过一起严重事故。一团

　　radiation crossed the whole of Europe. It is said that 125,000 people died in

　　辐射物蔓延到整个欧洲大陆。据说在俄罗斯有125，000人

　　Russia as a result of illnesses caused by the accident.

　　由于这次事故引起的疾病而丧生。

　　In 1984 there was a serious accident at a factory in India and a cloud of

　　1984年印度的一家工厂发生一次严重事故，

　　dangerous gas covered the town of Bhopal. Over 2500 people were killed that

　　大量危险的气体覆盖了波培尔城。一夜之间2，500多人丧生，

　　night, and hundreds of thouands of people were injured. Many of the injured

　　成千上万人受伤。很多受伤的人

　　lost their sight.

　　(因此)失明。

WATER

　水

　　Water pollution is caused by waste from factories and cities. Oceans are

　　水污染是工厂和城市(排放)的废弃物引起的。海洋

　　able to clean themselves, but certain seas, once they become dirty, are not able

　　有自我清洁的功能，但某些海洋一经污染就再

　　to do so. One example is the Mediterranean which lies between Europe and Africa.

　　也无法恢复清洁。位于欧洲和非洲之间的地中海就是一个例证。

　　It has only one narrow entrance to the ocean in the west. One quarter of the

　　它只在西部有一个狭窄的通往大洋的入口。1/4

　　shores of the Mediterranean are polluted and are no longer safe for swimming,

　　的地中海海岸被污染了，由于大量的病菌

　　as a lot of diseases are present in the water. In most places it is not safe to eat

　　存在于水中，在水中游泳就不再安全了。大多数地方吃鱼也不

　　the fish.

　　保险。

　　Lakes also have the same problems. Lake Baikal in Asia was once the

　　湖泊也遇到了同样的问题。亚洲的贝加尔湖曾经是世界上最

　　cleanest in the world, with over 700 different kinds of plant and animal life.

　　清洁的湖，湖里有700多种不同的植物和动物。

　　Now,however, the waters of this great lake, which is also the world's deepest

　　而如今这个大湖——也是世界上最深的湖

　　(over 1,740 metres), have been dirtied by waste from a chemical factory.

　　(1，740多米深)——湖水已经被一家化工厂的废物污染了。

　　In 1989 an oil tanker hit a rock off the northwest coast of Alaska. 35,000

　　1989年，一艘油轮在阿拉斯加西北海岸的海面上触礁，35,000

　　tons of oil poured /into/ the sea. The accident was one of the worst in history.

　　吨油倾入大海。这是历史上最严重的事故之一。

　　More than 34,000 birds and 10,000 animals were killed. 4,800 square kilo

　　34，000多只鸟和10，000多头动物死亡，4，800平方公里

　　metres of ocean were polluted.

　　的海洋受到污染。

第三十四课：拯救地球

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1.the cause of……的起因

　　The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.

　　大雨是导致洪水产生的原因。

　　辨析：reason“原因，理由”，常指需要推理分析的原因；cause“起因，原因”，常指引发、诱发某事的直接原因，如暴雨引起的洪灾、粗心引起的事故；excuse“借口，理由”，往往是为推卸责任或回避惩罚而找的借口。当reason, cause和

　　excuse作名词时，与它们搭配的介词不一样。一般构成：the reason for; the excuse for; the cause of。

　　2.cattle(牲口、牲畜)为单数形式，但表达复数内容，所以该句谓语动词用are而不是is。

　　3.When trees are cut down, there is nothing to hold the soil in place.

　　树木被砍伐了，山坡上就没有什么东西能够把土壤保持住了。

　　(1)in place

　　①在适当的位置

　　Every tool is in place.每件工具都放在应放的位置。

　　②适当的，恰当的

　　I don't think your proposal quite in place.我认为你的建议不很恰当。

　　(2)out of place不在恰当的位置，不恰当的

　　What you said was a bit out of place.你的话有点不恰当。

　　(3)in place of代替

　　we use plastics in place of wood or metal.我们用塑料来代替木材或金属。

　　(4)take the place of代替

　　Who would take the place of Mr Li?谁将代替李先生?

　　4.as a result of由于

　　She was fired as a result of being careless at work.

　　她由于工作粗心而被炒鱿鱼。

　　短语链接：as a result因此，结果；in result结果，因此；as a(the) result of由于……而……；作为……的结果；result in (动词短语)以……结束

　　5.the injured受伤者

　　Most of the injured were women and children.

　　大多数受伤者都是妇女和儿童。

　　the injured等于the injured

　　people。英语中某些形容词或过去分词前加定冠词表示一类人，若由它们作主语，谓语要用复数。

　　短语链接：the blind盲人；the old老年人；the young年轻人；the wounded

　　伤员；the rich富人；the poor穷人

　　6.lose one's sight失明She lost her sight in the war.她在战争中双目失明。

　　短语链接：lose one's sight失去视力/失明；catch sight of看见；lose sight of不再看见；be in sight of在视野以内；at first sight乍一看，一眼就……；be out of sight在视野以外

　　7.off离……不远，在……附近

　　He lives off the campus.他住在离校园不远的地方。

　　We can see Taiwan clearly from some islands off the coast of Fujian.

　　我们从福建沿海的一些岛屿可清楚地看到台湾。

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