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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 确定数量和不确定数量如何用基数词表示

确定数量和不确定数量如何用基数词表示
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/18 16:31  英语辅导报

  英语中,基数词一般用来表示确定的数量。然而,在某些结构中,这些基数词也可以表示不确定的数量。

  用基数词表示确定数量时,基数词(包括加hundred,thousand,million,billion等构成的数词)一般要用单数形式,其后面的复数名词前不得加of。比较以下正误:

  (误)I sold a hundred of tickets by myself.

  (正)I sold a hundred tickets by myself.

  (误)I have two hundreds dollars.

  (正)I have two hundred dollars.

  比较下面试题(选项前带有""号者为正确答案,下同):

  Two ____ died of cold last winter.

  A.hundreds old people

  B.hundred old people

  C.hundreds old peoples

  D.hundred old peoples

  解析:此题中,百位数由two加hundred构成,因此,在表示确定数量时,hundred之后不能加"-s"。

  因此,基数词表示确定数量时应注意以下几点:

  1)dozen(一打,12个),score(20个)也有与hundred,thousand,million,billion相似的用法。dozen,score用于基数词之后,在表示确定数量时,也不能加"-s"。例如:

  Two score years of prison life has made Nelson a nationally recognized man.

  比较高考试题:

  Shortly after the accident,two ____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.(NMET'92)

  A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozen ofD.dozen

  2)基数词可以加上名词构成复合形容词,表示确定数量。如:20-minute walk,five-hundred-word article。这种结构前面的成分常常是基数词,后面的成分是一个名词,之间用连字符"-"连接,放在名词前面作修饰语。需要注意的是,该名词词形不变,不使用复数形式。又如:

  Jim's two-month holiday吉姆两个月的假期

  a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩

  比较高考试题:

  Many students signed up for the ____ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.(2003春上海题)

  A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long

  C.800metre length

  D.800metres length

  英语中,用基数词表示不确定数量的方式有以下三种:

  1)用基数词的复数形式表示。英语中,hundred,thousand,million,billion这些词用于确定数量时,不用复数形式,后面直接加名词;但是,这些词用来表示不确定数量时,使用复数形式,同时接"of+复数名词"。例如:

  Hundreds of people attended the famous director's farewell concert.好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。

  China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.

  英语中,名词dozen(一打,12个),score(20个)也有hundred,thousand,million相似的用法。在表示不确定数量时,dozen,score使用复数形式,同时接"of+复数名词"。例如:

  I have been there dozens of times.我曾到那里好几十次了。

  Scores of people attended the rally.有许多人参加了示威活动。

  但是,dozen,score,hundred,thousand,mil-lion等被several,a few,some修饰表示不确定数量时,既可用复数形式,也可用单数形式,出现以下三种形式:

  several hundred foreign guests

  several hundred of foreign guests

  several hundreds of foreign guests

  比较高考试题:

  ____ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.(2001春上海题)

  A.Several million B.Many millions

  C.Several millions D.Many million

  又如:

  But the carmakers haven't decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars.需要注意的是:表面上看是确定数量的a hundred(and one),a thousand(and one)和a million,但有时也可以表示不定数量,用于夸张,类似汉语中的"十分可惜","百年大计","千方百计","十万火急","百万雄师"等成语中数词的用法。例如:

  There are a hundred and one questions to ask.有大量的问题要问。

  He was the one in a thousand.他是千里挑一的好人。

  A thousand thanks for your kindness.万分感谢你的好意。

  He made a thousand and one excuses.他无数次地道歉。

  These are different in a thousand and one ways.这些东西千差万别。

  2)在基数词前加表示"多于、少于、不到、接近、大约、左右"意义的词语(如:or,or so,about,some,around,round,more or less,more than,less than,over,above,under,below,nearly,almost等)时,在基数词之后不加"-s"。例如:

  The population of Canada is about 29 million .

  There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting to be held the day after tomorrow.

  比较'85上海改错题:

  (误)The sun is some ninety-three millions miles away from the earth.

  (正)The sun is some ninety-three million miles away from the earth.

  解析:此题中,some ninety-three million所表示的不确定数量与some million所表示的不确定数量有区别,后者可使用some millions of以及some million of。

  3)用整十位数的复数形式表示"几十年代"和人的"几十几岁"之类不确定的年龄。例如:

  In the 1870s,when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.到了十九世纪七十年代,这时马克思已经五十多岁了,他感到研究俄国形势很重要,于是就开始学习俄语。

  In the 1990s,Hong Kong and Macau returned back to China.在20世纪90年代,香港和澳门回归了祖国。

  比较以下试题:

  ①The hero of the story is an artist in his ____.(MET'91)

  A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirty'sD.thirties

  ②It is not rare in ____ that people in fifties ____ are going to university for further education.('99上海题)

  A.90s...;the B.the 90s...;/

  C.90s...;theirD.the90s...;their

  解析:在上述"几十年代"前要加the,在某人的"几十几岁"前也要加适当的限定词(如:his ,her,their等)。在in his fifties;during the 1840s;in the early 1930s等短语中,整十位数的数词应使用其复数形式,而不用单数形式。

  比较下面试题:

  He looked quite healthy though he was ____.

  A.in seventy B.in his seventy

  C.at seventiesD.at the age of seventy

  解析:此题不能选择B.in his seventy,但是,可以表达为in his seventies。

  (文/四川大竹龙先竹;英语通高三版2003学年第10期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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