2003年全国高考英语评卷工作结束之后,给我们留下的思考和值得总结的很多很多。影响高考书面表达得分的因素有哪些?今后如何更好地帮助和指导同学们提高书面表达的能力?同学们又如何通过更有效的训练使自己的书面表达得高分?本文拟就这些问题结合2003年高考书面表达考生范文抽样的高低评分谈点看法。

　　首先来看一下2003年全国高考英语书面表达评分标准:

　　第五档(很好)(21-25分):完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点;应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇有些许错误,但为尽力使用复杂结构或高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力;有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑;完全达到了预期的写作目的。

　　第四档(好)(16-20分):完全完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容;应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试复杂语法结构或词汇所致;应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑;达到了预期的写作目的。

　　第三档(适当)(11-15分):基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容;应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解;应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯;整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。

　　第二档(较差)(6-10分):未恰当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容;写了一些无关内容;语法结构单调、词汇项目有限;有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解;较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性;信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

　　第一档(差)(1-5分):未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容;写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求;语法结构单调、词汇项目有限;较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解;缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯;信息未能传达给读者。

　　一、影响书面表达得分的水平因素

　　1.行文逻辑是否恰当影响得分

　　范例考卷一(文中括号内的词是本文作者改正后的词,下文同)

　　Dear Bob,

　　I'm happy to know that you want to study Chinese in Jianxin Chinese School in my city this September. Glad to tell you that I have found a house for you near the school.

　　The flat lies in a building in(on/at)Fangcao Street nearby. It's on the third floor, which covers an area of 25 square metres, including a living room, a kitchen and a bathroom. In the living room, there is a sofa, a bed and a desk with a light and a chair. Fortunately, the rent is not high, about 500 yuan a month.

　　In addition, outside your building there is a bus stop, you can get to school at the next bus stop.

　　I'm looking forward to your arrival.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　全文语句流畅自然,质朴悠扬,几乎一气呵成,尽管房子位于芳草街不用介词in而用on/at,但整篇文章之逻辑美仍幽雅动人。评卷老师一致认为应给满分25分。

　　范例考卷二

　　Dear Bob,

　　You say(said) you will(would)study Chinese in Jian Xin Hua Wen School in my city and want(wanted) me to find a room for you in your last letter. Now I have some information about it to tell you.

　　The room is in(on) the third floor of a building which stands in(at) the Fang Cao Street on which the No. 11 bus stop lies so that you can go to school by bus every day. Besides, the room covering 25 square metres includes a bedroom, a toilet and a kitchen. What's the most important(importance), the rent isn't very expensive, only 500 yuan a month.

　　Hope you will like it! By the way, have a good journey when you come.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　全文尽管有不少错误,但最为闪亮的是该同学驾驭语言行文逻辑的能力不错,也用到了一些复杂句,最后得分18分。

　　2.是否使用高级词汇影响得分

　　范例考卷三

　　Dear Bob,

　　How are you? I have found a good place for you to study here. It's on the third floor of a tall building just behind the Fangcao Street stop of the No.11 bus. And the next stop is the Jian Xin Hua Wen School, so it's easy to get to the school.

　　The place(flat) covers an area of 25 square metres. There is a large(small,或去掉) bedroom with a bed, a sofa and a desk in it. Next to the bedroom there is a kitchen and a bathroom, both of which keep some necessary furniture. And the rent is 500 RMB per month. I'm looking forward to your reply.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　本文所使用的高级词汇有:just behind/cover/next to/both of/keep/look forward to,最后得分23分。

　　再如范例考卷一中应用了较多高级词汇,如:lies\covers\including\with\fortunately\in addition\look forward to,也是得满分的因素之一。

　　3.是否使用复杂句影响得分

　　范例考卷四

　　Dear Bob,

　　How glad I was when I got the news that you would come to my city to learn Chinese in Jianxin Hua Wen School. As soon as I knew your plan, I went to many places near the school to find a flat for you. Now I'll introduce it to you.

　　The flat is at (on )the third floor of a tall building in(at/on) the Fangcao Street, and there is a bus stop near the building, so it's very convenient for you to go to the school. The flat which covers an area of 25 square metres contains a toilet, a small kitchen and a bedroom. Besides, there are many furnitures(不可用复数), such as a desk, a chair, a bed and so on. The rent of the flat is 500 yuan a month. I'm sure you will like the small but beautiful house.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　本文除个别错误外,还用了几个高级词汇如:convenient/cover/besides/the small but beautiful,更为可贵的是至少用了三个非常好的复杂句:感叹句与同位语从句"How glad I was when I got the news that you would come to my city to learn Chinese in Jianxin Hua Wen School."; As soon as引导的状语从句;定语从句"The flat which covers... a bed- room.";I'm sure引导的宾语从句,最后得24分。

　　4.语篇信息影响得分

　　范例考卷五

　　Dear Bob,

　　I'm glad to know that you'll come to Jianxin Hua Wen School in our city to study Chinese. In your last letter, you asked me to look for a house. And now, I'll tell you something about it.

　　The house is in(on/at) Fangcao Street and it's behind the No.11 bus stop, so you can take it and get off at the next bus stop to the school. So it's convenient for you. The house is 25 square meters in size and the rent of it is 500 yuan per month. It includes three rooms: (a) bathroom, (a) kitchen and (a) bedroom which has (a) sofa, (a) bed, (a) desk and so on. You can have a good rest when tired. Meanwhile, the environment is also very good. Trees and grass are around your house. I'm sure you'll be glad about it.

　　Wish you a good time here and study Chinese well.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　全文的语篇信息基本给全:有问候语、房间位置、大小、房租、结束语,此外,也用到了一些高级词汇in size\include\get off\convenient\meanwhile\environ-

　　ment等,也有少许复杂句,最后得24分。

　　二、影响书面表达得分的非水平因素

　　卷面整洁与否,书写工整与否影响得分

　　有一考生的书面表达(限于篇幅,此处不予刊登范例考卷),整个文章书写特别规范,字迹工整,耐看,信息基本给出,有个别高级词汇hear from,有个别复杂句结构:ask somebody to do something,没有很好地使用there be结构,属第三档低位给分,但由于卷面整洁,书写工整,最后在第三档高位给分15分。

　　看过几篇范例考卷,再来看参考范文:

　　Dear Bob,

　　I'm so glad to learn that you're coming in September. I've found a place for you. It's a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it's only one stop. Do you think you'd like it? If not, I can try and find another place for you. Just let me know.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　总之,在平时的学习过程中,加强以上几个方面的训练是对学生书面表达能力提高的有效途径。

　　(文/蔡银保；英语通高三版2004年第2期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)