一、句子翻译

　　(一)词类转译

　　1. I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

　　2. The two sides have exchanged letters for a long time for deeper understanding.

　　3. This is not John's fault. He was against the plan from the very beginning.

　　4. When I first met my husband, I was still a stranger to China.

　　5. It is our great pleasure to note that our economy is developing vigorously.

　　(二)词的增译和省译

　　1. He did not really represent their opinions to the higher-ups, although he claimed he did.

　　2. His diligence, earnestness, carefulness and brilliance make him praised by all.

　　3. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

　　4. One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.

　　5. Now that you've bought a new car, what are you going to do with the old one?

　　(三)分句和合句译法

　　1. His failure to observe the traffic regulations resulted in a serious accident.

　　2. Thinking that traditional Chinese medicine might help, he went to a hospital of the traditional Chinese medicine.

　　3. To my great surprise, he managed to accomplish the investigation only in a few hours.

　　4. Water is not only the most common liquid in the world, but it is also the most important.

　　5. The sense of relief among these people seems to have been enormous, and they danced on through the night.

　　(四)正说和反说译法

　　1. I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject.

　　2. We arrived late at the theater, and missed the first act of the play.

　　3. The stranger had already gone before he hurried to the hotel.

　　4. The doctor lost no time in getting the sick man to hospital.

　　5. In the current world, people cannot live without being influenced by advertisements.

　　(五)被动句的译法

　　1. What measures have been or are being adopted by the local government to reduce air pollution?

　　2. Only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.

　　3. The proposal was accepted by all the members of the committee.

　　4. Visitors are requested to deposit their bags before entering the exhibition hall.

　　5. Many of these questions would never have been asked if physics itself had not been put to use.

　　(六)从句的译法

　　1. I told the interesting story to Susan, who told it to her sister.

　　2. The software engineer bought the half million house, but the professor of sociology, whose salary is much lower, only bought a small apartment.

　　3. She pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that she should awake the baby.

　　4. There can be no doubt that she is competent for this job.

　　5. It is possible that he will participate in the contest.

　　二、段落翻译

　　(一)

　　All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books - but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most from it. The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.

　　(二)

　　No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.

　　(三)

　　It may be hard to believe that something as simple as talking with friends, feeling close to your parents or sharing thoughts openly can make such a powerful difference in your health. But many studies document that these things do.

　　(四)

　　So regardless of how intelligent or hard-working you were, if you were born a peasant you had little or no hope of ever owning a piece of land or your own home. All the land you worked and the hut you lived in were owned by either the local lord or the local church. You can imagine the power these two other classes might have over you because they literally determined how well or poorly you could live.

　　(五)

　　Among the students we interviewed, study times were strictly a matter of personal preference. Some worked late at night when the house was quiet. Others awoke early. Still others studied as soon as they came home from school when the work was fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency.

　　参考答案

　　一、句子翻译

　　(一)词类转译

　　1.教你游泳恐怕我还不行。我想我弟弟比我教得好。

　　2.双方通过长时间通信来加深了解。

　　3.这不是约翰的过错，他从一开始就反对这项计划。

　　4.我第一次见到我的丈夫时，我对中国还是陌生的。

　　5.我们很高兴地看到，我国的经济正在蓬勃地发展着。

　　(二)词的增译和省译

　　1.他没有真正地把他们的意见反映给上级，尽管他说已经反映过了。

　　2.他勤勉、踏实、细心、才华过人，凡此种种都使他受到众人的夸奖。

　　3.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。

　　4. (一个人)要掌握一门外语，非下苦功不可。

　　5. (既然)你已买了辆新车，准备怎样处置旧车呢？

　　(三)分句和合句译法

　　1.由于他不遵守交通规则，结果导致了一起严重的事故。

　　2.他认为中药有效，所以就去那家中医院治病。

　　3.使我非常惊奇的是，他竟在短短的几个小时内完成了那项调查。

　　4.水是世界上最普通、最重要的液体。

　　5.这些人如释重负，翩翩起舞，通宵达旦。

　　(四)正说和反说译法

　　1.我希望演说者不要跑题。

　　2.我们到剧场太晚了，第一幕剧没看上。

　　3.还没有等他赶到旅馆，那个陌生人早已走了。

　　4.医生立即把病人送往医院。

　　5.在当今世界，只要我们活着，就一定会受到广告的影响。

　　(五)被动句的译法

　　1.当地政府已经采取了或正在采取哪些措施来降低空气的污染程度？

　　2.月亮只有受到太阳照射的那些部分才是明亮的。

　　3.这条建议曾为该委员会的全体成员所接受。

　　4.请参观者进入展厅之前先把包寄存起来。

　　5.假如物理学知识本身不被应用，这许多问题就决不会被提出来。

　　(六)从句的译法

　　1.我把这个有趣的故事告诉了苏珊，苏珊又告诉了她姐姐。

　　2.那位软件设计工程师买了那幢五十万美元的房子，但那位社会学教授却因为工资远远低于工程师，只买了一间公寓套房。

　　3.为了不把婴儿惊醒，她轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。

　　4.她能胜任这份工作，这是毫无疑问的。

　　5.他很可能将参加这次竞赛。

　　二、段落翻译

　　(一)

　　古往今来人类的一切智慧结晶，数百年来一直使人津津乐道的那些故事，我们都可以轻而易举地从书本中得到，而且也无需花费很多钱。但是我们必须懂得该如何来利用这笔财富，如何最大限度地从中汲取养分。世界上最不幸的就是那些人--他们从来没有发现过读好书是何等令人愉悦的事。

　　(二)

　　没有人能避免受广告的影响。尽管我们可能对自己的良好鉴赏力感到十分自豪，但我们不再能任意选择我们所要的东西了，因为我们受到了广告的微妙影响。做广告的人在设法劝告我们买这种或那种产品的时候，对人的本性做了仔细的研究，并把我们的各种弱点分了类。

　　(三)

　　这也许令人难以置信：如与朋友聊天，同父母亲近，坦率地与别人交流思想等如此简单的事情竟会对你的健康具有这么重大的影响，但很多研究报告已证实情况确实如此。

　　(四)

　　因此，无论你如何聪明，如何辛勤劳动，只要你出身于农民家庭，就几乎或根本没有希望拥有一块土地或一个自己的家。你所耕种的土地和你所居住的草屋要么归当地贵族，要么归当地教会所有。你可以想象，这两个阶级对你有多大的支配权，因为他们实际上决定着你可以活得多好，还是多坏。

　　(五)

　　在我们采访的学生中，他们的学习时间严格地说是根据个人偏爱安排的。有人喜欢在夜深人静时学习，有人愿意早起，也有人一放学回家趁课堂内容还没淡忘就开始学习。尽管安排不同，但对学习要有连贯性都持赞成意见。

　　(文/刘军显;英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第25期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)