主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重点，同时也是一个难点。很多学生对主谓一致这一语法现象理解不透，记忆不牢，区别不清，在实际应用中容易混淆。下面就介绍一下我在教学中总结应用的一种巧妙方法，对主谓一致进行理解记忆。现将主谓一致的主要用法归纳如下：

　　一、坚持三个原则

　　1.坚持向前看的原则。

　　在下列结构中，谓语动词形式和前面的A部分保持一致。

　　例如：

　　①The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.

　　②No one but us was in the classroom at that time.

　　2.坚持向后看原则。

　　在下列结构中，谓语动词形式和后边的B部分保持一致。

　　例如：

　　①Either you or I am wrong.

　　②Not only the students but also the teacher doesn't know the answer to the question.

　　3.坚持全体看的原则。

　　A and B, Both A and B这一项很简单，谓语动词和A+B保持一致。例如：

　　Both Li Hua and Wang Bin are good at playing football.

　　二、坚持一分为二

　　1.集合名词，如：class, team, family, group, nation, crew, government等这类词作主语时，(1)如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数；(2)如果强调整体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　①My family has moved to the countryside.(我家搬到农村了。)

　　②My family are all fond of folk music.(我家人都喜欢民间音乐。)

　　2.由some of, plenty of, lots of, most of, the rest (of), part of, half of,分数、百分数等修饰名词作为主语时：

　　(1)如果所修饰的是可数名词，则谓语动词用复数。

　　(2)如果所修饰的是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　①Most of the students in our class were for the plan.(我们班多数学生赞成这个计划。)

　　②Most of the water in the lake has been polluted by the factory.(大部分湖水被工厂污染了。)

　　③I want these blue ones. The rest belong to you.(我想要这些蓝色的，其余的归你。)

　　④Let us drink the water first. The rest is going to be given to them.(我们先喝，剩下的再送给他们。)

　　3.名词词尾后加-s或-es，多数表复数，但也有少数单词仍是单数。如：news, politics, mathematics, works(工厂)。例如：

　　The chemical works lies at the foot of the hill.

　　三、坚持实事求是

　　1.下列表示总称意义的名词作主语时，谓语动词一定用复数(这些名词的本身不能加复数)，如：people, police, public, cattle等。例如：

　　①The police were searching for the thief in the hotel.

　　②The public are requested to give their opinion about the building.

　　2.成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses, gloves等。例如：

　　①My glasses were broken.

　　②His trousers are dirty. They need washing.

　　但如果这类词被a pair/two pairs修饰，则谓语和a pair/ two pairs保持一致。

　　四、慧眼识主语

　　英语中还有一些词语从意思上看好像是复数，从语法角度讲仍是单数，需要大家明辨。例如：

　　1.many a, more than one...从意义上讲是"很多，不止一个"，但从语法上讲，仍是单数。例如：

　　①Many a student has been tired by his long speech.(很多学生都已厌烦了他的长篇大论。)

　　②More than one student is going to be a lawyer in the future.(不止一个学生将来要当律师。)

　　2.在下列短语中，虽然有and连结，但仍视为单数：each... and each..., every... and every..., no...and no...。例如：

　　Every boy and every girl in our class likes the pop star.

　　3.虽有and连结，但两词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　A factory worker and writer is going to give us a talk.(一位工人兼作家)

　　A factory worker and a writer are going to give us a talk.(一位工人和一位作家)

　　4.表时间、数目、距离、价格等名词复数作为主语，作整体看时谓语动词仍用单数。如：ten pounds, five weeks, five miles等。例如：

　　①Ten pounds is enough for such a thin book.

　　②Five miles is not a short distance for a boy of 7 years old.

　　英语语法中似是而非的东西较多，规则较繁杂，但只要我们找出规律，加以总结，就能分得清，记得牢，在英语学习中也就能自由应用。

　　主谓一致练习

　　1.Every teacher and every student________found a Students' Union.

　　A.has B.have

　　C.expects to D.hope to

　　2.Nobody but them________to know about the matter.

　　A.want B.wants

　　C.have wanted D.were wanted

　　3.Nothing but trousers________in that small shop.

　　A.was worthy of 20 dollars

　　B.were worth 20 dollars

　　C.was cost 20 dollars

　　D.was paid 20 dollars for

　　4.The dictionary as well as the books that________pictures in them________to her.

　　A.has; belongs

　　B.have; are belonged

　　C.has;belong

　　D.have;belongs

　　5.Twenty percent of the work of the whole year________finished by their group last month.

　　A.has been B.had been

　　C.were D.was

　　6.Knife and fork________on the table.

　　A.is B.are

　　C.has been D.have being

　　7.Neither his parents nor his wife________anything about it.

　　A.know B.knows

　　C.have known D.is known

　　8.Five dollars________too much for a ticket.

　　A.seems B.seem

　　C.seem to be D.are

　　9.Most of the apples________.

　　A.was rotten B.were rotten

　　C.has rotten D.have rotten

　　10.About one third of the workers in that factory________young people.

　　A.is B.has been

　　C.are D.have been

　　11.Not only the teacher but also the students________the change.

　　A.object to B.objects to

　　C.object D.objects

　　12.Every means________tried since then.

　　A.has been B.have been

　　C.are D.is

　　13.This pair of trousers________my sister.

　　A.is belong to B.are belong

　　C.belong to D.belongs to

　　14.Our team________defeated by theirs last Sunday.

　　A.was B.had been

　　C.has been D.have been

　　15.Our team________taking showers when the door was knocked open.

　　A.was B.are

　　C.were D.have been

　　参考答案：1-5 CBDDD 6-10 ABABC 11-15 AADAC

　　(文/江苏赣榆县石桥中学房耿江；英语通高中一年级版03～04学年第1期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)