句式I. There be+主语

　　这种句式表示事物的客观存在,There be放在句首,而把真正的主语放在后面,可以用来表示现在时、过去时、完成时和将来时。例如:

　　There is a boy on the playground.　操场上有个男孩。

　　There was ice on the lake last week. 上星期湖上结了冰。

　　There has been a lot of rain this month. 这个月雨水很多。

　　There will be an announcement soon. 不久会发布告。

　　句式II. There be+数字(some, any, no)+名词

　　这种句式常用来表示有多少人或物,以及没有东西、时间、问题等。例如:

　　There are six people there. 那里有六个人。

　　There are some books on the desk. 书桌上有一些书。

　　There will be no time left. 没剩余时间了。

　　句式III. There be+复合不定代词(somebody, anything等)

　　当句子主语是:somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything或nothing时,常用there be来引导。例如:

　　There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.　这里有人要和你说话。

　　There is something wrong with your watch. 你的手表有毛病。

　　There is nothing to compare with what followed. 和后来的事情相比简直算不了什么。

　　句式IV. There be+名词+分词

　　这种句式中分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词,而且这种句式可以用"主语+be+分词"这一结构来代替。例如:

　　There is a boy playing with a puppy in the yard. ( = A boy is playing with

　　a puppy in the yard.) 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩耍。

　　There has been more money spent on armaments than on famine relief. (=More money has been spent on armaments than on famine relief.)花在军备上的钱比花在救灾上的钱还多。

　　句式V. There be+名词+动词不定式

　　这种句式中的及物动词(动词不定式)也可改成被动式, 意为"(没)有……要做"。例如:

　　There is a lot of work to do (to be done). 有许多工作要做。

　　There was no time to wait for you. 没有时间再等你了。

　　句式VI. There is+no+动名词

　　这种句式可与"It is impossible+动词不定式"替换,意为"无法做某事"。例如:

　　There is no stopping him. (=It is impossible to stop him.)无法阻止他。

　　There is no guessing what will happen.　无法猜到将会发生什么。

　　句式VII. There is(no) need for+名词

　　该句式意为"(不)需要……"。例如:

　　There is no need for anxiety.　不需要担心。

　　There is a great need for a book on this subject. 非常需要有一本关于这个题目的书。

　　句式VIII. There is no need+动词不定式

　　例如:

　　There is no need for him to come.　不需要他来了。

　　There is no need (for you) to start yet.　(你)现在还没有必要动身。

　　句式IX. There is no use+动名词

　　该句式可与"It is no use+动名词"互换,意为"……无用(无济于事)"。例如:

　　There is no use waiting any longer.(=It is no use waiting any longer.) 再等下去是没有用的。

　　There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 现在想和解也无济于事了。

　　句式X. There is nothing to do

　　该句式与There is nothing to be done. 含义不同。前者意为:"无事可做",后者意为"没有办法"。试比较:

　　There is nothing to do-I'm bored.

　　无事可做--我感到闷得慌。

　　(=There is nothing to entertain me.) 没有什么活动来消遣。

　　There is nothing to be done-we'll have to buy another one. 没有办法--我们只好另外买一个了。(= There is no way off putting it right.)

　　句式XI. There is nothing like...as

　　该句式意为"没有什么比……更"。例如:

　　There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit.作为保持健康的方法,没有什么比散步更好的了。

　　句式XII. There is nothing more...than

　　该句式意为"再……不过了"。例如:

　　There is nothing more dangerous than an illusion of security. 太平无事的想法是再危险不过的了。

　　句式XIII. There is no(not any) point in+动名词

　　该句式意为:"……是没有意义(思)的。"例如:

　　There is no point in doing so. 这样做是没有意义的。

　　There is not any point in harping on the same old tune. 没有必要再重复这一套。

　　句式XIV. There might (could) be+名词

　　这种结构表示"可能"。例如:

　　There might be some good songs

　　after all this trash.在播放了这些乱七八糟的歌曲之后,可能会放几首好歌。

　　If the power hadn't been cut off so quickly, there could have been a big fire. 要不是迅速切断电源,可能会引发一场大火。

　　句式XIV. There is a possibility of(或that)

　　该句式表示"有可能"。例如:

　　There is a possibility of my going to Denmark. (= There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Denmark.) 我有可能去丹麦。

　　句式XVI. There+人称代词+come(go)/there come(go)+名词

　　该句式是there作感叹词放在句首。如果主语是人称代词,则动词放在其后;如果主语是名词,则动词放在其前。例如:

　　There they come!他们来了!

　　There comes the bus at last!公共汽车终于来啦!

　　句式XVII. There+动词

　　这种句式只限于表示存在某种状态、发生某种事或某事、某人到达等动词,如seem, appear, live, exist, happen, arise, enter, come, go, remain等,而不适用于表示一般具体行动的动词。例如:

　　There seems to be something wrong about it. 这事好像有点儿不大对头。

　　There appears to be no one who can answer this question. 看来没人能够回答这个问题。

　　There once lived a king who loved fine clothes very much. 从前有一个国。

　　(文/邵常荣；英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第38期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)