一、附加疑问句(反意疑问句)在使用主语方面有以下方面的要求：

　　1. 附加疑问句的主语总是使用代词，这个代词要与陈述句部分的主语保持一致。例如：

　　Your father is a teacher, isn't he?

　　The girl in red is your sister, isn't she?

　　2. 陈述句如果是there be句型，附加疑问句要用there充当主语，而不用it或they来与该句中的主语保持一致。例如：

　　There is an English book on the desk, isn't there?

　　There is nothing wrong, is there?

　　3.陈述句部分的主语如果是everybody, everyone, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, nobody, no one,则在附加疑问句中通常使用they,但在正式文体中也可以用he。例如：

　　Someone borrowed my bike yesterday, didn't they?

　　Everyone knows their job, don't they?

　　Nobody likes to lose money, do they?

　　4.陈述句部分的主语如果是something, anything, everything, nothing等时，附加疑问句的主语通常用it。例如：

　　Everything seems all right, doesn't it?

　　Nothing seems right, does it?

　　5.陈述句部分的主语如果是this, that, these, those,则附加疑问句的主语分别用it或they。例如：

　　This is your bike, isn't it?

　　Those are your books, aren't they?

　　6. 陈述句的主语如果是one,则附加疑问句的主语英国英语用one,美国英语用he。例如：

　　One can't be too careful, can one/he?

　　7.祈使句的主语为第三人称时，附加疑问句的主语既可用you,也可用they。例如：

　　Somebody open the door, will you/they?

　　8. 附加疑问句通常重复复合句中主句的主语，但主句如果含有I think / suppose / expect / believe / imagine等这样的主谓结构，则附加疑问句应重复从句中的主语。例如：

　　I expect you will have a good time,won't you?

　　I suppose you are serious, aren't you?

　　9. 否定转移的附加疑问句，其主语应重复从句的主语。例如：

　　I don't think you can do these exercises all by yourself, can you?

　　10. Let's与Let us / me句子的附加疑问句的主语是不同的。例如：

　　Let's have a rest, shall we?

　　Let's go out, shall we?

　　Let me have a look at your watch, will you?

　　11. 陈述句的主语如果是"the+形容词"表示一类人，则附加疑问句的主语用复数代词they。例如：

　　The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?

　　12. 陈述句是由neither...nor, not only...but also, both...and, or, and等连接的并列主语时，附加疑问句的主语常用复数代词。例如：

　　Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?

　　Both Tom and Jack came, didn't they?

　　13. 陈述句的主语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或词组时，附加疑问句的主语用it。例如：

　　To learn English well isn't easy, is it?

　　Swimming is great fun, isn't it?

　　二、附加疑问句助动词的选用有以下方面的要求：

　　1.附加疑问句是由助动词和代词构成的。使用助动词的一般原则是：使用陈述句中的助动词或连系动词be。如果没有助动词，则应根据陈述句的时态添加一个助动词do / does / did。例如：

　　You will come, won't you?

　　They went with you, didn't they?

　　2. 在含I am的陈述句之后，附加疑问句的助动词英国英语用aren't,美国英语用ain't。例如：

　　I'm late, aren't I?

　　I'm doing well, aren't I/ain't I?

　　3.在含有used to的陈述句之后，附加疑问句可以使用助动词didn't或 use(d)n't。例如：

　　He used to write to you, didn't he?

　　There used to be a hospital here, use(d)n't there?

　　4. 陈述句中含有助动词ought to时，附 加 疑 问 句 可 以 使 用oughtn't 或shouldn't。例如：

　　We ought to buy a new car, oughtn't we?

　　We ought to go now, oughtn't we/shouldn't we?

　　5. 当I wish表示征求对方意见时，附加疑问句可以用may。例如：

　　I wish to have a rest now, may I?

　　6. 否定转移之后的附加疑问句，其助动词应根据从句来选用。

　　I don't think he knows any English, does he?

　　I don't imagine he cares, does he?

　　7. 祈使句为肯定句时，附加疑问句可使用will you / won't you, can you / can't you;在否定的祈使句之后，附加疑问句应使用will you或can you 例如：

　　Come and see me tomorrow, will you?

　　Stop talking, can't you?

　　Don't make any noise, will you?

　　8.陈述句中含有情态动词must时，附加疑问句的助动词要根据must的含义而定。

　　(1)must作"必须"解时，附加疑问句可以重复must或使用need。例如：

　　We must learn English well, mustn't we?

　　They must clean the classroom after school, needn't they?

　　(2)当must not作"禁止"解时，附加疑问句使用may。例如：

　　I must not go any further, may I?

　　They mustn't take the book out of the reading-room, may they?

　　(3)must作"一定"、"准是"解时，附加疑问句的助动词要与must后面的动词相照应。例如：

　　He must be in the office, isn't he?

　　You must know her, don't you?

　　You must have misheard, haven't you?

　　He must have arrived in Beijing two years ago, didn't he?

　　You must have been late for class yesterday, weren't you?

　　9.附加疑问句中not常常和助动词构成缩略式"n't"放在代词之前,但在正式语体中，也有把not置于代词之后的情况。例如：

　　They used to write to you, did they not?

　　I'm right, am I not?

　　10.当陈述句中have作"有"解时，在其附加疑问句中既可以使用have(has,had)作助动词，也可以用助动词do(does,did);当have用于其它含义时，则只能使用助动词do(does,did)。例如：

　　Your father has a car, hasn't/doesn't he?

　　You usually have breakfast at seven, don't you?

　　11.带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义，但含有这种词的句子仍被看作肯定句，所以要用"肯定的陈述部分+否定附加疑问句部分"，即附加疑问句的助动词用否定形式。例如：

　　John was unfair, wasn't he?

　　That is impossible, isn't it?

　　She dislikes it, doesn't she?

　　(文/王素凤；英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第35期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)